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Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Optimization of microchannel heat sink with rhombus fractal-like units for electronic chip cooling.

• Author(s) : ZHUANG D., YANG Y., DING G., HU Z.
• Publication date: 2020/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 116
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental thermal analysis of an innovative heat sink coupled to a nanoemulsion.

• Author(s) : RIGHETTI G., BURGOS J., HERNANDEZ L., MONDRAGON R., BARISON S., AGRESTI F., BIASETTO L., MANCIN S.
• Publication date: 2024/05/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings:  Paris France, May 29-31, 2024.
• Formats : PDF

Development of a low thermal resistance water jet cooled heat sink for thermoelectric refrigerators.

• Author(s) : KARWA N., STANLEY C., INTWALA H., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 111

On the effectiveness of a nanofluid cooled microchannel heat sink under non-uniform heating condition.

• Author(s) : ANBUMEENAKSHI C., THANSEKHAR M. R.
• Publication date: 2017/02/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 113

IIR document

Heat transfer performance of a circuit cooling heat sink with FC72 flow boiling.

• Author(s) : KIM B. Y., SONG S., KIM M. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Two-stage high temperature hybrid heat pump with parallel heat sinks.

• Author(s) : ELLINGSEN O. M., KVALSVIK K. H., BANTLE M.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Power electronics high performance air-cooled heat sinks integrating graphite based materials.

• Author(s) : OLIET C., MULLEN D., HOELL K., COCHRANE N., PREISHUBER-PFLUEGL F., RIGOLA J., BOUTON M., PONTRUCHER M., CASTRILLO P., SCHILLACI E., SANTOS D., MCKAY C., HALIMIC E., FREISMUTH J.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recent development of heat sink and related design methods.

• Author(s) : LI J., YANG L.
• Publication date: 2023/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - n. 20
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

HFO-1234yf as alternative to HFC-134a in a compact refrigeration system with spray heat sink for electronics cooling.

• Author(s) : CARNEIRO M. V. P., BARBOSA J. R.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Numerical and experimental analysis of cooling performance of single-phase array microchannel heat sinks with different pin-fin configurations.

• Author(s) : YANG D., WANG Y., DING G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 112

IIR document

Thermal management solution for enclosed controller used in inverter air conditioner based on heat pipe heat sink.

• Author(s) : XIA G., ZHUANG D., DING G.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

Compact refrigeration system for electronics cooling based on a novel two-phase jet impingement heat sink.

• Author(s) : OLIVEIRA P. A. de, BARBOSA J. R. Jr
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Design and optimization of heat sinks for the liquid cooling of electronics with multiple heat sources: a literature review.

• Author(s) : LI Y., ROUX S., CASTELAIN C., FAN Y., LUO L.
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - n. 22
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design of heat pipe heat sink used for cooling controller of inverter air conditioner.

• Author(s) : XIA G., ZHUANG D., DING G.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Performance comparison of mini-rectangular fin heat sinks using different coolants: supercritical CO₂, water and Al₂O₃/H₂O nanofluid. 

• Author(s) : ALEMAM A., YEHYA S. A., OMER S. A., HAMZA A., SAEED M., BERROUK A. S.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 22
• Formats : PDF

Purdue conferences highlights: development of high-temperature heat pumps

High-temperature heat pumps are currently subject to intense R&D work, as illustrated by several papers presented at Purdue last year. All Purdue papers can now be downloaded from the Fridoc database.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system

Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...

• Publication date : 2022/02/21
• Subjects: Technology

Road to COP28. Extending the temperature range and application for heat pumps

To promote decarbonation, “high temperature heat pumps should be designed using waste heat and renewables as a driving energy, and environmentally friendly working fluids”, according...

• Publication date : 2023/05/30
• Subjects: Technology

Heat pump efficiency at low temperatures

A study based on field data shows that heat pumps had significantly higher energy efficiency than oil or gas heating systems, particularly for outdoor temperatures above -10°C. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/22

IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?

HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

An award-winning industrial dairy using an integrated heat pump system

A recent case study examined the energy consumption and system performance of an innovative integrated heat pump system of a dairy located in Norway. This dairy was among the winning projects of the 2019 “Heat...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

The high potential of ground-source heat pumps to decarbonise the European building sector

A potential reduction of 20-40% and 30-50% of energy demand in buildings, for heating and cooling respectively, could be achieved through increased use of geothermal heat pumps. 

• Publication date : 2022/05/27

Efficiency of ground source heat pump systems

Ground source heat pumps (GHSP) have been reported to be more efficient than more widespread air source heat pumps despite higher installation costs. A recent article has reviewed parameters impacting the energy...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Technology

Earth-to-air heat exchanger for air conditioning in a Colombian tropical weather

In a recent theoretical study, a passive cooling system using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) was modelled for the Colombian tropical weather.

• Publication date : 2021/08/02
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects

In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.

• Publication date : 2024/01/25
• Subjects: Technology

Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications

An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

IEA “Net Zero by 2050” roadmap: the role of the refrigeration sector

In its latest report, the IEA stresses that the path to net‐zero emissions by 2050 is narrow. In this context, the refrigeration sector, including heat pumps, has an important role to play. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29
• Subjects: Environment

LHC season 3: cryogenic cooling system upgrade

The particle accelerator returned to service in 2022 after numerous improvements, including an increase in cryogenic cooling power at point 4. 

• Publication date : 2022/05/30
• Subjects: Technology

The HCFC phase-out challenge

- The Montreal Protocol (MP) is unanimously considered as a resounding success of the international community. As of 2006, according to UNEP, the 191 Parties which have ratified the MP have reduced their consumption of ozone-depleting...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Refrigeration now at the heart of international discussions

The recent G7 meeting in France and the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019 in the US illustrate the growing importance of the refrigeration sector in international discussions.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads

Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 34

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 34th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-34) in Montréal, Canada (octobre 31 –...

• Publication date : 2022/12/12
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

New publications: Energy Savings

The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Refrigeration now has its own day of the year

As the only independent intergovernmental organisation in the field of refrigeration, the IIR joins associations and companies worldwide to support the initiative of an official World Refrigeration Day on 26 June every year.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Annual IIR statutory meetings

The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: General information

Briefs: IIR statutory meetings

The Management Committee of the IIR, the Publications Sub-Committee and the restricted Science and Technology Council met in Prague, Czech Republic, on February 22-24, 2010 and prepared the 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration with the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Obituary: Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz

Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz, Honorary President of the IIR, died in April 2013.

• Publication date : 2013/08/18

Obituary: Robert Heap

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Robert Heap, who died on March 11, 2014, at the age of 72.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30

Yokohama e yokoso !

From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...

• Publication date : 2015/08/18

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

Discover the 29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies

• Publication date : 2015/12/02
• Subjects: General information

In Memoriam: Joe Paul

Prof. Joachim (Joe) Paul, Delegate of Denmark since 2003 and President of the IIR’s Executive Committee and Management Committee since 2007, died on August 28, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/10/23

Obituary: Anders Lindborg

Anders Lindborg, honorary member of the IIR and President of IIR Commission D1 from 1993 until 1996, died on September 25, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/10/25

Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...

• Publication date : 2012/12/14

IIR committee meetings in Beijing

The Management Committee of the IIR met in Beijing on March 25, 2006. Two other meetings took place the same week: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to the...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction