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IIR document
Molecular simulation for liquid vapour equilibria of ethylene,R1132a, R1132(E) and R1123.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary refrigerant blends of R1132(E) + R1234yf and R1132(E) + R32.
Measurements of PvT properties, saturated densities, and critical parameters of R1132(E).
Measurements of saturation pressures for the novel refrigerant R1132(E).
Study of decomposition of R-1132(E) as ultra-low GWP refrigerants.
pvTz properties of R1132a + R1234yf binary system measured in the two-phase and superheated vapor regions.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Theoretical performance of cryogenic temperature applications using R23 alternative low GWP refrigerant, R1132a (1,1difluoroethene).
Experimental investigation of the performance of a low-temperature refrigeration cycle using R170/R290 and R1150/R600a mixtures.
Experimental assessment and correlation of the liquid density and saturation pressure of trans-1,2-Dichloroethene (R1130(E)).
Thermodynamic analysis of an ejector based autocascade system for ultra low temperature freezing using a mixture of refrigerants R600a and R1150.
PVT Properties, Saturated Densities, and Critical Parameters of trans-1,2-Difluoroethene (R1132(E)) + 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf).
Performance optimisation of an ultra-low temperature freezing using ejectors and a mixture of R600a and R1150 for a medical application.
Compressed liquid density and speed of sound measurements and correlation of the binary mixture {carbon dioxide (CO2) + 1,1-difluoroethene (R1132a)} at temperatures from 220 K to 350 K.
Thermodynamic properties of trifluoroethene (R1123): (p, ρ, T) behavior and fundamental equation of state.
Scanning Ternary Mixtures for the Low Stage of Cascades in Ultra-Low Temperature Refrigeration.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
106 results
Alternative mixtures for R134a
A NIST study identifies 23 non-flammable or slightly flammable mixtures as R134a alternatives in air conditioning.
300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a seized in Hangzhou
US refrigerant manufacturer DuPont has announced the seizure of 300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a in Hangzhou province, China.
New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning
Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".
Refrigerant blends may offer alternative to R134a
Research released by SAE provide further evidence that Mexichem Fluor's refrigerant blends AC5 and AC6 could offer EU regulation compliant alternatives to R134a in automotive air conditioning.
Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration
A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...
Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a
A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.
Transport: Hapag-Lloyd switches from R134a to R513A
The German shipping company Hapag-Lloyd has recently purchased 1,000 containers chilled with R513A.
R134a/CO2 cascade for a French ice rink
In the French Alps, the Alpe d’Huez ice rink has recently completely renovation, replacing the former HCFC-22 refrigeration system by an HFC-134a/CO2 cascade system.
R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer
In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...
Briefs: Middle East - DuPont expresses anger over counterfeit R22 and R134a refrigerants
DuPont has set up a task force to help local authorities deal with refrigerant counterfeits in the Middle East, it claims are potentially harmful. Pascal Faidy, business manager at DuPont Fluorochemical Refrigerants, claims they were dangerous for...
MAC: EU orders Germany to stop using R134a in new models of vehicles
The European Commission ordered Germany to stop using R134a or to face court action and possible fines.
France allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its MAC systems.
The French Supreme Court has upheld last August’s decision to overturn the MAC (Mobile air conditioning) directive and allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its car air conditioning systems.
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production
A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...
IIR news
4 results
News from IIR members: DKV
New DKV publications:• CD-ROM of Deutschen Kälte-Klima Tagung 2010 in Magdeburg, containing all papers and presentations. Languages: German and English• Special: CD-ROMs from DKV-Tagungen 2002 to 2010 as a...
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
IIR member news: Embraco
Embraco, IIR Corporate Member, announced the launch of a new oil-less linear compressor design for domestic refrigeration.
News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
