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IIR document

An experimental investigation on the entire pool boiling curve of R14 under 0.1 MPa pressure.

• Author(s) : ZHAO C., GONG M. Q., DING L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R14, Pool boiling, Pressure, Heat flux, Expérimentation, Flow, Nucleate boiling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 41
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on the optimum ratio of R22/R23/R14 self-cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : ZHENG D., LI M. L., FENG S., XIONG X., CHEN S.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mixture, Thermodynamic property, Cascade system, Optimization, Modelling, Expérimentation, R22, R23, R14
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

Rheological behavior of Al2O3/R141b nanorefrigerant.

• Author(s) : MAHBUBUL I. M., KHALEDUZZAMAN S. S., SAIDUR R., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Rheology, Alumina, R141b, Nanorefrigerant, Nanofluid, Mixture, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 73

IIR document

An alternative analysis applied to investigate the ejector performance used in R141b jet-pump refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : THONGTIP T., APHORNRATANA S.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R141b, Heat pump, Performance, Ejector
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 53
• Formats : PDF

An experimental analysis of the impact of primary nozzle geometries on the ejector performance used in R141b ejector refrigerator.

• Author(s) : THONGTIP T., APHORNRATANA S.
• Publication date: 2017/01/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ejector system, Nozzle, Refrigerator, R141b, Performance, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 110

IIR document

Structural properties of glancing angle deposited nanostructured surfaces for enhanced boiling heat transfer using refrigerant R-141b.

• Author(s) : RAY M., BHAUMIK S.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Heat transfer, Titanium, Coating (materials), R141b, Nanoparticle, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance of Linde-Hampson refrigerator operating with a zeotropic refrigerant for ultralow temperature applications.

• Author(s) : BARBADE S., VENKATARATHNAM G.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Linde, Zeotropic mixture, R14, R23, Vaccine, Expérimentation, Hydrocarbon, Test rig, Low temperature, Cryocooler, Propane, R290
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental evaluation of the performance of a thermodynamic vent system for a vapor–liquid storage tank with R141b as the testing fluid.

• Author(s) : HUANG Y., WANG B., CHEN Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, HCFC, Tank, R141b, Storage, Pressure, Expérimentation, Space, Cryogenics
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 90
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on the effect of filling ratio on an R141b two-phase thermosyphon loop with a horizontal parallel tube evaporator.

• Author(s) : YAO M., GAN Y., LUO Q., LI R., LIU R., FENG J., MAO Y., LI Y.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Loop, Thermosyphon, Heat transfer, R141b, Stability, Expérimentation, Two-phase flow
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation into pool boiling heat transfer performance of TIO2-R141b nanofluid for horizontal low-finned U-tube.

• Author(s) : CHEN R. H., CHANG T. B.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Oxide, Finned tube, Heat transfer, Titanium, R141b, Performance, Expérimentation
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhancement of pool boiling characteristics by an addition of nano Aluminum oxide to R-141b over a rough horizontal steel circular heater.

• Author(s) : EID E. I., KHALAF-ALLAH R. A., TOLAN M.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Oxide, Heat transfer coefficient, Aluminium, R141b, Nanoparticle, Nanorefrigerant, Heat flux, Expérimentation, Concentration
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of R245fa/R141b mixture in a horizontal microfin tube.

• Author(s) : WANG Z., LUO L., XIA X., HE N., PENG D., WU S.
• Publication date: 2020/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Organic Rankine cycle, Mixture, Heat transfer, Flow boiling, Pressure drop, Microfin tube, R245fa, R141b, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 118
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development of non-flammable mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator for semiconductor etching process.

• Author(s) : LEE C., LEE J. G., KIM J. M., CHA D. A., KIM S. C., YOO W. J., KIM H. J., KIM S. S., HONG J. G.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cascade system, Mixture, Argon, R14, R23, R218, Low temperature, Thermodynamic cycle, Two-stage system, Simulation, COP, Sensor, Expérimentation, Semiconductor, Design, Freeze-etching, Joule-Thomson
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Thermal and exergetic approach to wet type rotary kiln process and evaluation of waste heat powered ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle).

• Author(s) : USTAOGLU A., ALPTEKIN M., AKAY M. E.
• Publication date: 2017/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R600a, R245fa, Organic Rankine cycle, Exergy, Energy, Factory, Heat recovery, R142b, Performance, Case study
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 112

IIR document

Isothermal measurement and modeling of VLE properties for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene + trifluoromethane + tetrafluoromethane ternary system at temperatures from 253.15 K to 273.15 K.

• Author(s) : QIN Y., LIU B., ZHANG H.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Zeotropic mixture, Expérimentation, Cascade system, R1234yf, Thermodynamic property, Modelling, R23, R14
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

R1234yf tested for bus air conditioning

Tests co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and run bus AC system company Hispacold suggest that HFO-1234yf is a near drop-in replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in the tested Hispacold’s 12S roof top bus air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2011/12/30

European Commission investigates over R1234yf patents

On December 16, 2011, the European Commission (EC) has "opened antitrust proceedings concerning agreements between Honeywell and DuPont" for the development of R1234yf for air-conditioning systems in cars. "

• Publication date : 2012/02/27

Daimler decides not to switch to R1234yf

After having examined real-life scenarios conducted using R1234yf, Daimler, the manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz cars, has announced its intention to stick to R134a instead of implementing R1234yf in its automobile air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2012/11/20

Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers

The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

EPA permits R1234yf to be sold to US consumers

As a result of a lawsuit brought by the AAIA and the ARPI, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that will permit R1234yf to be sold to US consumers.

• Publication date : 2013/12/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration

On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24

R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems

A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Technology

DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123

DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf to comply with EU regulations

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf but will phase in CO2 from next year.

• Publication date : 2015/12/06

Arkema announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in China

Arkema, French leading supplier of refrigerants, recently announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in Changsu (near Shanghai), China.

• Publication date : 2013/12/05

Controversy over R1234yf: EC confirms enforcement of MAC Directive by January 1, 2013

Despite the safety concerns expressed by Daimler and calls for an additional moratorium in the refrigerant transition schedule, the EC restated on December 20, 2012, that “the MAC Directive will be fully enforced as of January 1, 2013”

• Publication date : 2013/02/28

R1234yf could be used in 3 million cars by the end of the year

DuPont expects refrigerant HFO1234yf will be used in the air-conditioning systems of nearly 3-million vehicles worldwide by the end of this year.

• Publication date : 2014/07/10

MAC: SAE considers R1234yf as “safe and effective” and AC5 and AC6 blends as “technically credible”

The SAE International Cooperative Research Project team has concluded that “R1234yf refrigerant is safe and effective to use in automotive applications. It also concluded that “based on a detailed fault tree analysis, AC6 offers a risk profile...

• Publication date : 2013/08/27

Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)

The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

Summer 2021, past events: focus on the last events involving the IIR

Co-sponsored Conferences    More than 80 papers available from the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.

• Publication date : 2014/02/03

The IIR participated in the EC consultation on the F-gas Regulation

In response to the European Commission (EC) consultation, the IIR sent comments on an EC report on the application, effects and adequacy of the F-gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2012/02/08
• Subjects: Regulation

Conference reports: Tokyo

ACRA2010, the 5th Asian Conference on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, was held in Tokyo on June 7-9, 2010. This fifth successful IIR-co-sponsored event in the series attracted 156 attendees from 12 countries. Order the proceedings containing...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)