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Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in South America.

• Author(s) : PEIXOTO R.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South america, Natural refrigerant, R600a, Household application, Commercial application, CO2, Supermarket, Ammonia, Regulations, Training, Case study, Colombia, Brazil, Chile
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Summary for Policymakers, Technical Summary and full report.

• Author(s) : IPCC, PÖRTNER H. O., ROBERTS D. C., POLOCZANSKA E. S., MINTENBECK K., TIGNOR M., ALEGRÍA A., CRAIG M., LANGSDORF S., LÖSCHKE S., MÖLLER V., OKEM A.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Climate change, Global warming, World, Africa, Asia, Central america, South america, Europe, North america
• Formats : PDF

Review of the global air-conditioning market in the first half of 2016. 2.

• Publication date: 2016/09/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Spain, South america, Indonesia, Review, Statistics, Market, Italy, Air conditioning
• Source: JARN - vol. 48 - n. 9

Recommended by the IIR

World Guide to Transcritical CO₂ Refrigeration

• Author(s) : ATMOsphere
• Publication date: 2020
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Skating rink, Supermarket, CO2, R744, World, Japan, Europe, South africa, USA, South america, Transcritical cycle, Regulations, Statistics

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The sustainability of the food cold chain. Part 1- the carbon emission savings related to food losses reduction.

• Author(s) : SARR J., TOUBLANC C., DUPONT J. L., GUILPART J.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Agriculture, Africa, Europe, Asia, CO2 emission, North america, South america, Food, Oceania, Modelling, Calculation, World, Carbon footprint, Cold chain, Food loss
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

A pre-feasibility study for deep seawater air-conditioning systems in the Caribbean. Final report.

• Author(s) : Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Technology, South america, Refrigerating system, Dominican Republic, Design, Jamaica, Air conditioning, Sea water

Recommended by the IIR

GECF Global Gas Outlook 2050 Synopsis 

• Author(s) : Gas Exporting Countries Forum
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy, Africa, Asia, Pacific, Europe, South america, North america, Middle East, CO2 emission, Natural gas, LNG, Economy, Market, Prediction, World, Regulations, Statistics

Recommended by the IIR

Global Gas Report 2022.

• Author(s) : IGU, Snam
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Export, Import, LNG, Economy, Market, CO2 emission, Statistics, World, Asia, Africa, Middle East, South america, North america, Europe, Russia, Australia, USA, Hydrogen, Carbon capture, Biomethane
• Formats : PDF

Latin America Energy Outlook 2023.

• Author(s) : IEA
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Energy efficiency, Electricity, Renewable energy, CO2 emission, Central america, South america, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Regulations, Air conditioning, Natural gas, Prediction
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

World Air Conditioner Demand by Region 2022

• Author(s) : JRAIA
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Economy, Statistics, Air conditioning, Asia, Middle East, Europe, Africa, North america, South america, Oceania, World, Commercial application, Split system, Window, Household application, HFC, Refrigerant, Variable volume, Inverter
• Formats : PDF

Los distritos térmicos en Colombia

Energy Districts in Colombia

• Author(s) : BAQUERO R., MARIACA C.
• Publication date: 2023/09/27
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : District cooling, Colombia, South america, Air conditioning, Energy efficiency, Energy consumption, CO2 emission, Urban environment, District heating
• Formats : PDF

A review of bottom-up and top-down emission estimates of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in different parts of the world.

• Author(s) : FLERLAGE H., VELDERS G. J. M., BOER J. de
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HFC, Modelling, World, HFO, Europe, USA, China, Atmosphere, Africa, Asia, CO2 emission, Emission factor, Australia, South america, India
• Source: Chemosphere - vol. 283
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The sustainability of the food cold chain. Part 2- the carbon emission due to the use of refrigeration equipment.

• Author(s) : SARR J., TOUBLANC C., DUPONT J. L., GUILPART J.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : World, Modelling, Chilling, Freezing, Cold chain, Refrigerated transport, Cold storage, Display cabinet, Household refrigerator, Energy consumption, Precooling, Africa, Food, Europe, CO2 emission, Asia, North america, South america, Oceania, Calculation, Statistics
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Assessment of Different Envelope Configurations via Optimization Analysis and Thermal Performance Indicators: A Case Study in a Tropical Climate.

• Author(s) : ARAUZ J., MORA D., CHEN AUSTIN M.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Energy efficiency, Optimization, Case study, Tropical climate, Panama, Passive cooling, Energy consumption, Electricity, Modelling, Thermal comfort, Humid climate, South america
• Source: Sustainability - 14 - 4
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Gas Market Report, Q1-2022.

• Author(s) : IEA
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LNG, China, Russia, Natural gas, Market, World, Statistics, Prediction, Economy, Asia, USA, South america, Europe, Pacific, Brazil, India, Regulations, Energy consumption

Maritime reefer trade in South America

In 2011, reefer exports accounted for 12% of the value of total exports from the east and west coasts of South America, equivalent to USD 40 billion.

• Publication date : 2014/07/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America

IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America

Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas. 

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

The hidden cold chain behind Valentine’s Day roses

The average journey of a Valentine’s rose, from harvesting in South America to the point of sale in the US, is 10-12 days during which the role of refrigeration is essential.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

Latest IPCC report predicts an increased risk of heatwaves

The IPCC report published in February 2022 highlights several risks posed by rising temperatures, such as increased heat waves and greater energy demand for space...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Environment

Briefs: Automobile air conditioning in China

Germany-based Behr GmbH & Co., Shanghai Automotive Co. Ltd. in China and Sanden Corporation in Japan have set up a joint venture (called Shanghai Sanden Behr) to develop, manufacture and market refrigerant compressors for cars and trucks....

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Refrigeration and Food

Given the ever-increasing processing and exportation of food, world food is consuming more and more energy by the day: a trend that threatens to send food prices rocketing overnight if not taken in hand. The US food system alone uses over 10.55 x...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

LNG vessels

The world's largest LNG vessel, Mozah, recently made its maiden visit to the South Hook LNG Terminal in Milford Haven, UK, heralding a new era in the history of liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation. The Q-Max ship measures 345 metres long,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Markets: Chinese AC exports to Africa are soaring

Exports of air conditioners from China to Africa grew to over 28.8 million units in the first 8 months of 2010, an increase of 51.3% over last year, according to Chinese customs figures. This growth is even greater than that of Chinese exports of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Carrier completes the acquisition of Linde Refrigeration

On October 1, 2004, Carrier Corporation announced the completion of the acquisition of Linde Refrigeration, the European leader in commercial refrigeration and formerly a division of Linde AG, for 390 million USD. Linde's manufacturing facilities,...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Brief: CFC- and HFC-free refrigerators now in Brazil

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil 's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegeräte GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Carrier acquires Europe's largest refrigeration company

On July 12, 2004, Carrier announced that the European Commission in Brussels has approved the company's intended acquisition of Linde Refrigeration, the European leader in commercial refrigeration and a division of Linde AG. Under the agreement,...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Briefs: Illegal refrigerants

Over 108 tonnes of illegal refrigerant have been seized by customs officers around the world in a special operation code-named Sky-hole Patching II. The joint operation by the World Customs Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Trends

- The worldwide market for air conditioning was estimated by BSRIA as being 34 billion USD in 2001 and was forecast to reach 39 billion USD in 2004. The Freedonia Group predicts a rise to 56 billion USD by 2008. Fastest growth will occur in the...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Review of CFC and HFC-free refrigerators worldwide

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegerate GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/10

News from IIR members: Bitzer

In 2009, Bitzer Brazil inaugurated the first CO2 Technology & Training Centre for North and South America. Installed in Sao Paulo, the centre provides training covering safety, design, installation, commissioning, servicing and maintenance....

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

February 2020: The IIR worldwide

Latest IIR participation in refrigeration events.

• Publication date : 2020/02/27

Past events: CIAR in Portugal and REHVA triennal conférence

Focus on the  16th Ibero-American Congress on air conditioning and refrigeration (CIAR) and on the triennial conference of REHVA.

• Publication date : 2022/05/27

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs