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A comparative investigation on the effect of fly-ash and alumina nanofluids on the thermal performance of two-phase closed thermo-syphon heat pipes.
Compact refrigeration system for electronics cooling based on a novel two-phase jet impingement heat sink.
Recommended by the IIR
Investigation on phase change material (PCM)-to-refrigerant heat exchanger in air-conditioning systems
IIR document
Two-phase CO2 loop for thermal energy management in buildings: Concept and building energy performance improvement.
Ammonia void fraction in smooth tubes at different gravity orientation.
Use of pumpable ice to minimise salt uptake during immersion freezing.
Generation and utilization of liquid ice (binary ice).
Water to produce cold.
Flow patterns of ice-slurry flows.
Online viscosity measuring method using Coriolis mass flow systems.
Online enthalpy measurement method for phase change slurries.
Production mechanism of ice slurry on an oscillatory moving cooled wall.
A thermodynamic parameter to choose secondary coolant fluid.
Viscometry applied to the Bingham substance ice slurry.
Study of a two-phase secondary refrigerant. 1. Intrinsic thermophysical properties of an ice slurry.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
4 results
Australia’s HVACR industry
According to IbisWorld research, industry revenue is forecast to increase at an annualised 1.8% through to 2019/2020 to reach USD 1.6 billion.
Net zero: some initiatives in the field of refrigeration
As part of the Race to Zero campaign launched by the UNFCCC, two initiatives on refrigeration have recently been promoted.
Ohrid 2019: latest technology trends for ammonia and CO2
Synthesis of several refrigerating installation case studies using ammonia and CO2 based on papers from the recent IIR conference in Ohrid.
Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America
Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas.
IIR news
Registration is now open for the IIR Congress 2019
With over 1,000 abstracts selected covering all fields of refrigeration, registration is now open for the 25th International Congress of Refrigeration.
Celebrating Heat Pumps Day with Björn Palm: Scientific Leadership and IIR Engagement
In celebration of Heat Pumps Day, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to spotlight the work of Professor Björn Palm, a leading figure in the field of thermal systems and energy...
Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs
Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.
SophiA Final Consortium Event: The IIR’s Strong Involvement in Sustainable Refrigeration Solutions for Africa
The Final Consortium Meeting of the SophiA Project took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, on 17–18 September 2025, co-organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and Hochschule Karlsruhe...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
2 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
