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IIR document

Modular modeling of a refrigeration container.

• Author(s) : SORENSEN K. K., SKOVRUP M. J., JESSEN L. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Simulation, Modelling, Energy efficiency, Control (generic), Refrigerated container
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 55
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Estimating cargo temperatures in refrigerated containers.

• Author(s) : LUKASSE L., SNELS J.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerated transport, Refrigerated container, Sensor, Case study, Simulation, Temperature, Modelling
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Metal corrosion in marine refrigerated containers.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Copper, Metal, Aluminium, Corrosion inhibitor, Corrosion, Refrigerated container
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

T-bar floor protection in intermodal refrigerated containers.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Wood, Floor, Intermodal transport, Refrigerated transport, Banana, Testing, Refrigerated container
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

Système de régulation thermique dans les conteneurs à température contrôlée.

Thermal regulating system in temperature-controlled containers.

• Author(s) : KACIMI A., LABRANQUE G.
• Publication date: 2016/03/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Temperature, Control (automatic), Performance, PCM, Insulated container
• Source: 1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Airflow and heat transfer characteristics for different cargo pallet arrangements in a heat transfer enhanced refrigerated container.

• Author(s) : SENGUTTUVAN S., KIM H. G., SHIN M. S., RHEE Y., PARK J., KIM S. M.
• Publication date: 2024/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Container, Pallet, Air flow, Heat transfer, Refrigerated container, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 165
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Repair of cables for refrigerated containers to prevent fires.

• Author(s) : LAWTON R., RHODES C., CLARKE P.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Generality, Fire, Safety, Commercial application, Maintenance, Repair, Refrigerated container
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal analysis of airflow inside a refrigerated container.

• Author(s) : KAYANSAYAN N., ALPTEKIN E., EZAN M. A.
• Publication date: 2017/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Refrigerated transport, Heat transfer, Convection, Refrigerated container
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 84
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Alternative lower GWP refrigerants for HFC-134a in intermodal refrigerated containers.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Substitute, Performance, GWP, Testing, Refrigerated container, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Practical tests with R290 used in reefer container refrigeration leakage testing.

• Author(s) : KÖNIG H., BARARU M., HOLTAPPELS K.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, R290, Simulation, Testing, Refrigerated container, Leakage
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Évolution de l'efficacité énergétique et de la fiabilité des conteneurs maritimes réfrigérés.

Progress in sea refrigerated containers energy-efficiency and reliability.

• Author(s) : TAECKENS J., STUMPF A.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Generality, Sea transport, R744, Energy efficiency, Refrigerated container, CO2
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 103 - n. 1150

IIR document

Thermal regulating system in temperature-controlled containers.

• Author(s) : KACIMI A., LABRANQUE G.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Insulated box, Eutectic plate, Performance, Testing, Control (generic), Refrigerated container, Change of phase
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Intelligent fault detection for refrigerated reefer containers.

• Author(s) : WRONSKI J., JONSSON R. I.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Maintenance, Sea transport, Remote monitoring, R404A, Statistics, Modelling, Default, Cost, Refrigerated container
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Application of a mobile CO2 system into the multi-temperature refrigerated container system.

• Author(s) : YANG B., KURTULUS O., GROLL E. A.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Recovery, R744, Performance, Multistage system, Expérimentation, Evaporator, Refrigerated container, Compressor
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Design and investigation of a transcritical R744 refrigerated container for military applications.

• Author(s) : LAWRENCE N., ELBEL S., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Military application, Microchannel, Design, R744, Performance, Ejector, COP, Refrigerated container, CO2
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Improved containment

According to an analysis published by A. McCulloch*, "although there is a wide variation between countries, the annual emission rate of most of the fluorinated gases used in refrigeration have improved significantly in Europe over the past 10...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Germany: refrigerant containment survey

According to a VDKF recent survey, since 2012, there has been a significant advance in improving refrigerant containment in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2016/05/31

France: containment of refrigerating data plants

French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) recently published a study conducted by Cemafroid and IRSTEA on the containment of refrigerating plants.

• Publication date : 2016/03/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Underground storage of liquid CO2

Dispensing of CO2 by storing it underground usually implies placing it in aquifer rocks deep enough (-800 m) to achieve sufficient pressure to maintain the CO2 in a supercritical (fluid) phase. This approach has many shortcomings as in this form,...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

New environmental measures are emerging

Two important (for the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector) United Nations conferences take place every year, on ozone depletion and on climate change. The IIR attends these conferences and presents a statement as an intergovernmental...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Refrigerant leaks in supermarkets

Reminder of some figures on refrigerant leaks in supermarkets. Focus on the situation in the United States. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Overview of data center cooling technologies

The very huge growth in Internet traffic requires the continued development of new energy-efficient data center cooling technologies, based primarily on liquid...

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

HFC alternatives: insufficient training in Europe

An AREA survey shows that in the EU, only 3.5-7% of F-Gas certified personnel are trained in the use of low-GWP refrigerants, depending on the alternative used. 

• Publication date : 2021/02/23
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer

In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...

• Publication date : 2015/02/19

Reduce refrigerant leaks in supermarkets

Refrigerant leaks are a recurring problem, particularly in the commercial refrigeration sector. An American initiative aims to identify the main causes of leaks and to propose solutions to reduce...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Refrigerant reclaiming and recycling

Focus on refrigerant reclaiming and recycling in the USA and in Chile.

• Publication date : 2018/03/28

Installation of a refrigerant separator in Bristol (UK)

After one year of planning, the refrigerant supplier A-Gas has completed the installation of a new refrigerant separator in Bristol.

• Publication date : 2017/09/28

France: Assessment of the refrigerant emissions avoided between 1993 and 2013

The commitment and engagement from most stakeholders in the “Cooling and Air Conditioning “ branch helped avoid 45 million emitted tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.

• Publication date : 2016/04/20

Worldwide refrigerant recycling and recovery

A recent AHRI report reviews and evaluates refrigerant management and recycling programs in seven primary jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, California, the European Union, Japan, the UK and the United States.

• Publication date : 2016/06/07

New IIR Informatory Note on Containment of Refrigerants

Currently available for IIR members only, the 24th IIR Informatory Note “Containment of Refrigerants within Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Systems” is out.

• Publication date : 2014/01/21

IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE

A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.

• Publication date : 2015/10/07

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27

News from IIR members: Cetim

Environmental damage as a direct result of emissions and as an indirect result of energy consumption, both of which contribute to the greenhouse effect... Ozone depletion due to the effects of certain fluids... Fire and intoxication risks......

• Publication date : 2011/05/25

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Abstract submissions open for the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020

Submit your abstracts online today for the next International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain

• Publication date : 2019/09/19

The IIR announces role in European "REAL Alternatives" programme.

The International of Refrigeration is pleased to announce its role in a new European learning programme “REAL Alternatives” that will address skills shortages amongst technicians working in the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sector.

• Publication date : 2013/12/01

IIR Informatory Notes on refrigerants designed to meet the needs of decision-makers

"We felt it was important to draft a collection of Notes on the most appropriate actions to take in this field, designed to meet the needs of decision-makers in order to be better prepared for the upcoming deadlines."

• Publication date : 2016/03/15

Activities of the IIR’s Commission B2 on Refrigerating Equipment

The IIR’s Commission B2, which includes 70 experts from 25 IIR member countries on all continents, is extremely active and participates in many IIR activities aimed at promoting knowledge of refrigeration technologies and their applications...

• Publication date : 2014/11/20

Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector

In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...

• Publication date : 2019/02/19

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction

Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction