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Shelf life of snow crab clusters (Chionoecetes opilio) stored at 0 and 4°C.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Effect of water ice-glazing on the quality of frozen swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) by liquid nitrogen spray freezing during frozen storage.
Optimizing cooling performance of a data center.
Determination of the shelf life of cluster of the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) during chilled storage.
About the keeping of meat quality and the redness on a fillet salted product of a red queen crab by low temperature de-oxygen method.
[In Japanese. / En japonais.]
Microbiology, physical and sensory quality of vacuum-packaged fresh blue crab meat (Callinectes sapidus) treated with high hydrostatic pressure.
Superconducting crab cavity.
IIR document
CATCH TO MARKET CONSIDERATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL US ENTRY INTO THE NORTH PACIFIC FISHERY CONSERVATION ZONE.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
298 results
The use of hydrocarbon refrigerants in Europe
The report "Impact of standards on hydrocarbon refrigerants in Europe" reviews the various uses of hydrocarbons in refrigeration, as well as the obstacles to their utilisation.
Europe hydrocarbon refrigerants market
Europe’s hydrocarbon refrigerants market was valued at USD 46.03 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 62.43 million by 2019.
Expanding market for hydrocarbon compressors
Several compressor makers are introducing new models operating with hydrocarbon refrigerants. For example ComStar International Inc., will offer compressors with the newly approved R-441A (HCR 188C), patented blend of ethane, propane, butane and...
Carbon Expo 2005
Climate change is one of the main challenges facing humanity. The creation of market-based mechanisms and a global market in greenhouse gas reductions is a significant instrument to address this challenge. One part of the global carbon market has...
Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market
Global fluorocarbon refrigerants market was valued at USD 11,032.50 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach USD 15,635.61 million by 2019.
The hydrocarbon market in the Asia Pacific
The hydrocarbon market in the Asia Pacific will reach USD 128.5 million in 2018, according to a new market report by MicroMarket Monitor.
US: EPA raises hydrocarbon charge limit for home fridges
New US rules allowing greater charge sizes of hydrocarbon refrigerants in new domestic refrigerators and freezers entered into force on September 7, 2018.
Great potential for solar district cooling in Saudi Arabia
A recent modelling compares the performances of a two-stage and a single-stage absorption chiller in a solar district cooling system in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hydrocarbons as refrigerants in air conditioning
Presentation of several initiatives to develop the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants – especially propane – in air conditioning in India, Indonesia, Ghana, Costa Rica and the Philippines.
Shenzhen: China's first pilot city for hydrocarbon air conditioning
The city of Shenzhen is a pioneering the commercial application of hydrocarbon refrigerants to replace HCFCs in air conditioning.
China evaluates the real risks of hydrocarbons
According to JARN, China intends to switch half its production of split air conditioners to propane in order to meet the objectives of the HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan by 2015.This involved identifying potential leakage points and using...
Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships
A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.
First zero carbon building in Hong Kong
In order to set an example, Hong-Kong’s Construction Industry Council commissioned its first Zero Carbon Building (ZCB). A ZCB goes beyond the common definition of zero energy buildings (ZEB) producing on-site renewable energy and exporting part...
Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...
Repealing the Carbon Tax in Australia.
The Australian Government decided to abolish the carbon tax from 1 July 2014.
IIR news
79 results
IIR Webinar – Domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps, key to a decarbonised future
As the world accelerates towards decarbonisation, heat pumps are emerging as a global solution for cleaner, more efficient residential cooling and heating.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
INDEE+: Focus on the two-day workshop “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” organised in April
A two-day workshop titled “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” was organised on 26-27 April 2024 at Antarim Resorts, Goa. The technical session was followed by a demonstration of the R744 HP/C...
Statement presented by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR during COP-28 Dubai (United Arab Emirates)
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP-28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (30 November - 12 December...
The IIR Publishes a Technical Brief on High-Temperature Heat Pumps: A Key Technology for Industrial Decarbonisation
The International Institute of Refrigeration releases a comprehensive technical brief examining the state of the art, applications, and performance of high-temperature heat pumps, a pivotal technology for reducing carbon emissions from...
J&E Hall International Gold Medal awarded to Pr. Judith Evans for her exceptional contribution to energy and carbon reduction in the food cold chain
Professor Judith Evans, UK delegate to IIR and president of IIR section C, is this year’s recipient of the prestigious J&E Hall International Gold Medal.
Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society
With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
Daikin launches educational initiative on next-generation refrigerants
Daikin Comfort Technologies partners with the ESCO Institute to prepare the HVAC industry for the use of low global warming potential refrigerants.
Danfoss unveils oil-free R600a centrifugal compressor at MCE 2026
An innovative high-capacity compressor using isobutane and magnetic bearing technology reflects growing interest in natural refrigerants for large-scale cooling applications.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Events
4 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
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IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
