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Two-dimensional first-principles model for uneven frost accretion in ‘No-Frost’ evaporators.
Experimental Study on Frost Crystal Morphologies and Frosting Characteristics under Different Working Pressures.
IIR document
Eulerian-eulerian multiphase frost model based on phase change driving force.
Recommended by the IIR
Literature review of frost formation phenomena on domestic refrigerators evaporators.
Improving defrosting performance by controlling frost distribution to match defrosting heat distribution in frost-free household refrigerators.
Frost crystal growth behavior on a hydrophilic surface over a wide range of cold surface temperature.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Analysis of the frost formation pattern in heat exchangers for proper placement of frost measuring sensors.
Effects of crystal formation on the initial frost thickness and density on cold surfaces.
Frost detection and defrost control: Emerging trends, methods, and experimental evaluations.
Predictions on frost growth over a flat plate using surface characteristics: Machine learning methods.
Experimental study on a new type of thermal storage defrosting system for frost-free household refrigerators
Experimental study about frost formation and growth in the evaporator of an air-to-water heat pump.
Experimental analysis of the influence of fan speed on frost generation and its impact on a heat pump.
Effective image processing-based technique for frost detection and quantification in domestic refrigerators.
A novel frost growth model incorporated with ice propagation using CFD method.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
63 results
Optimizing frost-free refrigerators
A team from the Federal University of Paraná and the Federal University of Technology – Paraná in Brazil has modelled and optimized a frost-free refrigerator aimed at both cost and energy savings.
Briefs: Permafrost - a glimpse of Alaska's History
In 1963, the Alkirk miner, an experimental tunnelling machine, was tested on the permanently frozen silt, sand and gravel of Hill 456, 10 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska. The result was a man-made permafrost tunnel that runs 360 feet deep into...
Prehistoric flower from the permafrost blooms again
A team of scientists has reportedly resurrected seeds of a 30 000-years-old variety of Silene stenophylla.
Frost detection and defrosting methods: latest advances
A recent Purdue conference paper presents the state of the art regarding methods for retarding the onset of frosting, frost detection techniques and defrosting strategies, including those based on artificial...
A novel method for frost detection
Frost growth on the evaporator coils of a refrigeration plant can dramatically reduce its efficiency. A novel indirect detection method that would avoid frost built-up has been developed.
Novel anti-frosting heat pump technology
A review article published in Energies, presents advancements of heat-source tower heat pump systems (HSTHPSs) in China, including operating principle, heat-source tower (HST) structure, heat and mass transfer...
Frost mitigation methods for heat pumps and refrigeration systems
Frost growth is an important issue since defrosting can represent up to 30% of the total energy consumption of refrigerated display cabinets. Review of the various frost mitigation technologies and latest...
Pulse technology defrosts surfaces in seconds
A team of Japanese and American researchers is developing with a new, fast and efficient technology to defrost surfaces.
New energy saving defrost technology
A new technology which is claimed to save 1.94 billion € on supermarket refrigeration energy costs has been presented.
Siberian nematode worms kept in permafrost for 42,000 years come back to life
A team of Russian researchers revived two nematodes buried in Siberian permafrost for 32,000 and 42,000 years.
Briefs: Heinen
Heinen claims that its new, compact spiral freezer reduces defrosting time and allows longer production periods without defrosting thanks to a programmable air-cooler rinsing system that sprinkles warm water over the air coolers. Another feature...
Refrigerated transport: truckers’ Delight
North American truckers are set to upgrade their equipment in line with new regulations and due to strong consumer demands for better food safety. The FDA's hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) system decrees that shippers and...
An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima
In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.
Markets
- India: Air conditioner sales should reach about 1 million units in 2004, up from 800 000 in 2003, representing 442 million USD. The air-conditioning sector is expected to grow at least 25% a year over the next 3 years. Only 1.2% of indian...
Markets and figures: heat pump market
The heat pump market is growing fast, especially in Europe and in Asia: - In Europe, a recent report from Frost & Sullivan found that the heat pump market - covering commercial, residential, public and industrial applications - earned over €...
IIR news
15 results
ENOUGH at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023
Several partners from the ENOUGH project were present at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023 in Valencia this week.
International events: Antony
The 1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems was held in Antony, France, on April 6-7, 2009. Besides charge reduction, key topics covered included enhancement of heat and mass transfer, pressure and oil issues and...
Up to 20% discount on refrigeration market research!
Being part of the IIR gives you even more benefits with discounts of up to 20% on refrigeration market research studies.
Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips
The IIR enhances its market research resources
International events: GL2008
The 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2008) was held in Copenhagen on September 7-10, 2008. The event attracted 397 participants from 32 countries. The initial conferences in the series tended to attract participants...
1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference
The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market
At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...
ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success
The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling
The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.
Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.
IIR member news: Linde
BOC, subsidiary company of the Linde Group, launches its innovative technology in refrigerated transport.
New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation
Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...
The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!
In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Events
1 result
Other event
2026 Cryogenic Microscopy & Spectroscopy Workshop
March 23, 2026 - March 26, 2026
Brno, Czech (Republic)
Fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration & innovation in cryogenics, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
Find out more
