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Integral and differential model of hermetical compressor heat losses including experimental validation.

• Author(s) : GOOSSENS M., RIVIERE P., CAURET O., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Temperature, Heat loss, Modelling, Expérimentation, Hermetic compressor
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 23^rd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Vliv tepelných ztrát rozvodu a ochlazování otopné vody na návrh otopné soustavy.

Effect of heat distribution losses and cooling of heating water on design of heating system.

• Author(s) : SPURNÝ J., KABRHEL M.
• Publication date: 2017/02
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Distribution, Heating, Flow rate, Insulation, Modelling, Heat loss, Design
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 26 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Theoretical analysis of cycling losses in air source heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : QIAO H., LAUGHMAN C. R.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamic cycle, Simulation, Heat pump, Air-source system, Heat exchanger, Modelling, Performance, COP, Loss
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Prelaz toplote i vlage sa smrznute površine: inženjerski pristup.

Heat transfer and moisture loss from frozen surface: an engineering approach.

• Author(s) : MILOVANCEVIC U., KOSI F., STOJKOVIC M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : Serbian
• Keywords : Measurement, Mass transfer coefficient, Heat transfer, Surface temperature, Loss, Humidity, Energy efficiency, Convection
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

Theoretical and experimental studies of crossflow minichannel heat exchanger subjected to external heat ingress.

• Author(s) : DIXIT T., GHOSH I.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Prediction, Heat loss, Model, Crossflow, Heat exchanger
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

IIR document

Simplified model and analysis for the performance of Hofbauer–Vuilleumier heat pump.

• Author(s) : CHENG L., TAO J., HOFBAUER P., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Performance, Heat loss, Heat pump, Vuilleumier, Thermodynamics
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 103
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance evaluation of an active magnetic regenerator for cooling applications. 2. Mathematical modeling and thermal losses.

• Author(s) : TREVIZOLI P. V., NAKASHIMA A. T., BARBOSA J. R. Jr
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric cooling, Regenerator, Cooling, Heat loss, Performance, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 72
• Formats : PDF

Agregované tepelné charakteristiky budov Cást 3: Tepelná charakteristika budovy prostupem tepla.

Aggregated thermal characteristics of buildings part 3: tranmission thermal characteristics of the whole building.

• Author(s) : KOPECKÝ P., SOJKOVÁ K.
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Building, Heat transfer, Heat loss, Insulation
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 26 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

Cold-soak testing method based evaluation of thermal performance of a typical residential dwelling.

• Author(s) : NGUYEN M., BABA F., SUNG A.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal conductivity, Comparison, Measurement, Accuracy, Heat loss, Residential building
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Parameter effect analysis for a Stirling cryocooler.

• Author(s) : LI R., GROSU L.
• Publication date: 2017/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Speed (machines), Exergy, Stirling, Heat loss, Parameter, Modelling, Cryocooler
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 80
• Formats : PDF

Numerical investigation into the effect of opening and closing on flow and heat transfer characteristics in a domestic refrigerator.

• Author(s) : SHI L., HUANG D.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food, CFD, Deterioration, Temperature, Refrigerator, Simulation, Door, Heat loss
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of PET insulator layers on the conduction losses of plate active magnetic regenerators.

• Author(s) : MUGICA I., PONCET S., BOUCHARD J.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric cooling, Regenerator, Plate, Heat loss, Modelling, Gadolinium, Insulation
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Measurement of static heat leak and dynamic heat releases for NICA SC magnets.

• Author(s) : BESPALOV Y., NIKIFOROV D., SMIRNOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconducting magnet, Russia, Heat loss, Expérimentation, Case study, Accelerator
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Performance investigation of parabolic trough solar receiver.

• Author(s) : GUO J., HUAI X., LIU Z.
• Publication date: 2016/02/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Solar collector, Exergy, Heat transfer, Heat loss, Performance
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 95

Choice of insulation standard for pipe networks in 4th generation district heating systems.

• Author(s) : LUND R., MOHAMMADI S.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pipe, Economy, Heat loss, Modelling, Energy efficiency, Insulation, District heating
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Figures: China: Cold chain

China has become the largest food producing and consuming country in the world: both national production and consumption figures account for about 1/4 of the corresponding global figures and the proportion is still rising rapidly. According to...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Briefs: NO-LOSS Campaign

IRHACE (Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers of New Zealand) has set up a NO-LOSS campaign designed for technicians, engineers and stakeholders and involving use of comprehensive packs. The knowledge and skills...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Residential CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A theoretical and experimental study was carried out for a residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating - a...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

Cogeneration power and cooling for an army mobile system

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sept. 2004). With the US army's ongoing need to make systems smaller, lighter, quieter and more efficient, new technologies to meet these needs are continuously being...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

ASHRAE Technology Awards: winning project features green design

The ASHRAE Technology Awards recognize outstanding achievements by members who have successfully applied innovative building design in the areas of occupant comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy conservation. The designs incorporate ASHRAE...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Energy savings: Japan: significant improvement of the energy efficiency of refrigerators

According to JARN, the energy efficiency of refrigerators in Japan has been continuously improved: their power consumption has been reduced to 1/5th of that 10 years ago. This is in part due to the development of vacuum heat insulators, which are...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

New technology to reduce emissions and save energy

In November 2004, Eddie Woods, founder of Meeko2004, an organization working in coordination with Oklahoma State University to bring new technology to the air-conditioning industry, announced that a new patent-pending technology aimed at reducing...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Ultracold polar molecules

Scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-Boulder), have applied their expertise in ultracold atoms and lasers to produce the first high-density...

• Publication date : 2008/10/22

China food chain

Last year, China reported almost 70 billion yuan (USD 8.63 billion) losses in discarded fruit and vegetables. Annual food production is estimated at USD 300 billion but over 20% of food is wasted during transportation due, according to the...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Extreme heat reduces productivity in global economies

In a recent report, a non-profit organisation examined how global warming is affecting the economy and labour productivity in 12 major urban areas worldwide. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Heat pump refrigerant leakage investigation by the UK DECC

The UK Department of Energy and Climate Change in collaboration with Eunomia Research and Consulting Ltd and London South Bank University recently published data on refrigerant leakage from heat pump systems.

• Publication date : 2014/08/27

Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand

In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/05/15
• Subjects: Developing country, General information

Efficient cooling methods to reduce heat stress in pigs

Microclimate parameters such as air temperature and humidity are important indicators of animal welfare. Besides, heat stress is more detrimental to productivity in the swine...

• Publication date : 2020/10/22
• Subjects: Technology

Cool like a butterfly wing

New study demonstrates that butterfly wings contain a network of living cells with specific thermodynamic and thermoregulatory properties. Butterfly wings cool down as a result of low solar absorption combined with efficient radiative heat...

• Publication date : 2020/02/28

Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen

Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...

• Publication date : 2021/07/13
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated

The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...

• Publication date : 2023/01/23
• Subjects: Environment

Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

Obituary: Jozef Mlynarczyk

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Jozef Mlynarczyk, who died on March 19, 2018.

• Publication date : 2018/05/17

Statement presented by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR during COP-28 Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP-28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (30 November - 12 December...

• Publication date : 2023/12/21

Obituary: Einar Brendeng

The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to Professor Einar Brendeng’s family, the Norwegian refrigeration industry and society.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.

• Publication date : 2022/08/16
• Subjects: Technology

CryoHub: EU project CryoHub is inviting cold chain companies to become ‘CryoHub Champions’

The CryoHub innovation project investigates and extends the potential of large-scale Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) and applies the stored energy for both cooling and power generation.

• Publication date : 2016/06/28

IIR website: best downloads in 2022

Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 31

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-31) in Rome (November 4-8,...

• Publication date : 2020/04/03
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country, Environment

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: General information, Technology

World Refrigeration Day 2020

The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...

• Publication date : 2020/06/25
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams