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Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Integrated CO2 system with HVAC and hot water for hotels: Field measurements and performance evaluation.

• Author(s) : SMITT S., TOLSTOREBROV I., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2020/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R744, CO2, Hotel, Air conditioning, Hot water, Performance, Measurement, Modelling, Heat pump, Chiller
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 116
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Presentation of the first combined CO2 heat pump, air conditioning and hot tap water system for a hotel in Scandinavia

• Author(s) : SMITT S. M., HAFNER A., HOKSROD E.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hot water, Heat pump, Norway, Hotel, Case study, Energy saving, Air conditioning, Heating
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Machine learning methods for prediction of hot water demands in integrated R744 system for hotels.

• Author(s) : ZHANG Z., SMITT S. M., EIKEVIK T. M., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2, R744, Domestic heat pump, Hot water, Thermal energy storage, Modelling, Programming, Prediction, Database, Energy saving, Energy efficiency, Hotel
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical performance investigation of a CO2 heat pump and refrigeration system for a Nordic hotel.

• Author(s) : SMITT S. M., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hot water, Chiller, R744, Heat pump, Norway, Modelling, Hotel, Case study, Energy efficiency, Air conditioning
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Integrated R744 unit for hotels: Analysis of field data.

• Author(s) : SMITT S. M., TOLSTOREBROV I., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, CO2, Commercial application, Hotel, Thermal energy storage, Air conditioning, R744, Energy saving, Energy efficiency, Hot water, Heating, Case study, COP, Norway
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CO2 heat pump/chiller system for a hotel in a tropical climate: a numerical investigation.

• Author(s) : ELARGA H., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Domestic water, Hot water, Energy efficiency, Case study, Hotel, Tropical climate, Simulation, COP, CO2, R744, Heat pump, Chiller, India
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Integrated R744 heat pump/chiller for hotel: state-of-the-art implementation.

• Author(s) : SINGH S., HAFNER A., ELARGA H., SHARMA K.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hotel, R744, Heat pump, Chiller, Testing, Thermal energy storage, Ejector system, CO2, India, Air conditioning, Hot water, Heating, Case study, INDEE+
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Advantage of CO2 heat pump chiller for the application in Indian hotels.

• Author(s) : REDDY Y. S. K., ELARGA H., GURUCHETHAN A. M., MAIYA M. P., HAFNER A.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2, Hot water, India, Commercial building, R744, Domestic water, Thermal energy storage, Energy saving, Ejector system, Hotel, Chiller, Commercial application, CO2 emission, Cost, Case study, INDEE+
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Hot gas bypass defrost.

• Author(s) : SANZ F., VADILLO I.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hot gas, Solenoid valve, Performance, Evaporator, Defrosting
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cooling in Mediterranean hotels during summertime experience from the NEZEH (Nearly Zero Energy Hotels) project.

• Author(s) : TSOUTSOS T., TOURNAKI S., FRANGOU M., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Green building, Energy consumption, Performance, Mediterranean country, Hotel, Summer, Air conditioning
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The LOGAS hot gas defrost system.

• Author(s) : JENSEN S. S.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Test rig, Hot gas, Energy consumption, Ammonia, Cold storage, Energy efficiency, Defrosting
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis and capacity sizing for chillers for the HVAC system in a hotel building.

• Author(s) : WANG F. J., LIN H. W., TU W. D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Taiwan, Energy consumption, Chiller, Modelling, Hotel
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Feasibility of solar-geothermal hybrid source heat pump for producing domestic hot water in hot climates.

• Author(s) : DUARTE W. M., PAULINO T. F., TAVARES S. G., MAIA A. A. T., MACHADO L.
• Publication date: 2021/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Geothermy, Solar energy, Hot water, Domestic water, Hot climate, R290, COP, Simulation, Propane, Brazil, Case study
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 124
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy consumption of hot gas, electrical and brine defrost.

• Author(s) : SKOVRUP M., VESTERGAARD N., KORTSTEE J.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hot gas, Generality, Electricity, Measurement, Brine, Simulation, Evaporator, Energy saving, Defrosting
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy performance of CO2 hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system for hotel application.

• Author(s) : JIN Z., EIKEVIK T. M., NEKSÅ P., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R744, Ground, Simulation, Heat pump, Hotel, Energy efficiency, Transcritical cycle, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

New port terminal in Rotterdam

A group of companies recently announced in the presence of the Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture that a new port primarily dedicated to the storage, transfer and transportation of foodstuffs is to be operational in Rotterdam in 2014.

• Publication date : 2013/04/26

Permanent ice hotel thanks to solar cooling.

In Northern Sweden, Icehotel 365, a permanent ice hotel, opened in November 2016.

• Publication date : 2017/01/31

The LNG-fuelled fleet continues to grow

According to the maritime classification and consultancy company DNV, orders for LNG-fuelled ships remained high in 2022, close to the record figure of 2021. The use of LNG as a...

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Latest figures on LNG-fuelled fleet growth

As of April 2024, DNV reported 535 LNG-fuelled vessels in operation worldwide and over 500 more vessels on order. 

• Publication date : 2024/05/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand

In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/06/26
• Subjects: General information

Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand

In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/05/15
• Subjects: Developing country, General information

Brazil: record temperatures in 2023 boost AC sales

In the second half of 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures were recorded in Brazil, boosting AC sales this year. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Heat wave in Japan: sales of air conditioners on the increase

This July, Japan suffered a record-breaking heat wave; temperatures on July 20, 2004 reached up to 39.5°C, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Japan since records began in 1923! Due to this heat wave, sales of air conditioners and other...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Briefs: Cooling the Venus rover

One of the main technical challenges in sending a probe on Venus is the searing temperatures on the planet's surface: 450°C, enough to melt lead! Several probes landed on Venus in the 1970s and early 1980s, but never lasted more than two hours....

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Ultracold polar molecules

Scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-Boulder), have applied their expertise in ultracold atoms and lasers to produce the first high-density...

• Publication date : 2008/10/22

World’s largest adsorption solar cooling installation

Austrian company SOLID has installed a solar cooling for Desert Mountain High School, in Scottsdale, Arizona, a city in the Greater Phoenix area which enjoys 312 days of sun annually.

• Publication date : 2015/03/27

United Kingdom: evaporative cooling for Tesco superstores

Thanks to evaporative cooling, Tesco expects to lower the energy consumtpion in its supermarkets and to reduce significantly its maintenance costs.

• Publication date : 2018/01/12

Impact of climate change on energy demand across New York City

In a recent study, a team of researchers established a projection of the building cooling electric demand at the end of the century, at the scale of New York City.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: General information, Figures, economy

Shape memory alloys: cooling with metal muscles

Researchers from the University of Saarland (Germany) are constructing an optimized prototype for an air-cooling system in which heat and cold are transferred using “muscles” made from a nickel-titanium alloy thanks to the elastocaloric effect.

• Publication date : 2016/08/19

8 countries may exceed US in air-conditioning use

If the rest of the world adopts the same AC usage patterns found in the US, 8 developing countries have the potential to surpass the American yardstick of high air-conditioning use.

• Publication date : 2014/04/01

INDEE+: Focus on the two-day workshop “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” organised in April

A two-day workshop titled “Hotel Decarbonisation using R744 Heat Pump/chiller” was organised on 26-27 April 2024 at Antarim Resorts, Goa. The technical session was followed by a demonstration of the R744 HP/C...

• Publication date : 2024/05/28

Canada to host the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration in 2019!

During the IIR Executive Committee meeting in Paris on June 14, 2013 Montreal, Canada was elected by the Delegates of the IIR member-countries as the host city of the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration to be held in 2019 (ICR2019).

• Publication date : 2013/07/11

ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”

The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Next Generation Cooling: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2023 Theme

Titled "Next Generation Cooling", the WRD 2023 campaign will focus on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from cooling.

• Publication date : 2023/05/27
• Subjects: Environment

IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together

ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2015/06/17

The new e-Bulletin

Many of you are already aware that the Bulletin of the IIR is now being provided in electronic form. The new e-Bulletin, available via Internet, contains all the information provided in the paper version of the Bulletin: abstracts of articles and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

IIR partner in INDEE+

The IIR takes part of the project INDEE+ which aims to support the Indian refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector in the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Developing country

6th FRISBEE meeting.

The 6th FRISBEE meeting, hosted by Federalimentare, was held on March 6-7, 2013 in Rome, Italy.

• Publication date : 2013/05/10

ICCC2014 in London

The UK hosted ICCC2014, the third IIR conference in the series, in June at St Mary's University College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/07/03

ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants

Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: General information, Environment

HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!

The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!  

• Publication date : 2022/09/08
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

Call for abstracts launched for Thermag Conference 2020

Hosted by the University of Maryland (US), Thermag IX 2020 will offer key opportunities for academics and industry to develop research collaborations fostered by a dynamic technical conference programme.

• Publication date : 2019/10/08

CEEE Hosts International Conference THERMAG - IX 2021

More than 200 people from around the world attended the THERMAG - IX June 7-11, 2021 hosted by The Center for Environmental Energy Engineering at University of Maryland, College Park (US).

• Publication date : 2021/07/20
• Subjects: Technology

Call for abstracts now open: 10th IIR Conference on Caloric Cooling and Applications of Caloric Materials (Thermag 2022)

To be hosted by the University of Ljubljana – Faculty of Mechanical Engineering this August, the call for abstracts has been launched for the 10th edition of the IIR Thermag conference...

• Publication date : 2022/01/21
• Subjects: Technology

Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future

The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31.  It...

• Publication date : 2020/08/19
• Subjects: Technology

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams