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IIR document

EFFECTS OF FREEZING AND FROZEN STORAGE ON THE MICROBIAL QUALITY OF WASHED MECHANICALLY RECOVERED MEAT.

• Author(s) : PELAEZ C., ARROYO E., JIMENEZ COLMENERO F.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Staphylococcus, Microbiology, Meat, Rancidity, Pork, Mechanical boning, Freezing
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

MELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION OF THE FAT PHASE OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED MEAT.

• Author(s) : FERNANDEZ MARTIN F., JIMENEZ COLMENERO F., GORRIZ J. C.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calorimetry, Lipid, Meat, Chilling, Chemical property, Mechanical boning, Freezing, Fatty acid
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy efficiency in mechanical refrigeration systems for the meat industry.

• Author(s) : BRILEY G. C.
• Publication date: 1980/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 3 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CARBON DIOXIDE CHILLING OF HOT BONED MEAT.

• Author(s) : SWAIN M. V. L., GIGIEL A. J., JAMES S. J.
• Publication date: 1986/09/10
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Surface markers of colony forming marrow cells cryopreserved at -196°C since 1974, and the differentiation to dendritic cells and others, and the functional activity of the marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

• Author(s) : SUMIDA S., KITAMUEA T., MOTOMURA N., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Micro-Innovation

Mechanical engineers at Purdue University have created a miniature device that aims to replace conventional evaporators. Cited as a "long-term solution" in technological advances, the use of existing technical know-how for the refrigeration loop...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

The HVACR workforce in the United States in 2022

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of technicians employed in the heating and refrigeration sector in the US rose between 2021 and 2022.

• Publication date : 2024/01/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

United States: the HVACR workforce on the rise in 2023

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of technicians employed in the heating and refrigeration sector in the US rose by 6% between 2022 and 2023. 

• Publication date : 2024/09/27

The HVACR workforce in the United States

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were over 800,000 technician and engineer jobs related to heating and refrigeration in the US in 2021.

• Publication date : 2023/04/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Assessing indoor air quality: Air conditioning

The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air conditioning against high CO2 levels. According to a recent KPMG study...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

First World Ventilation Day set for November 8

World Ventilation Day will be inaugurated on 8th November 2022, at the initiative of several organisations around the world including UNEP.

• Publication date : 2022/11/07
• Subjects: General information

ASRE Stamps Commissioned for Refrigeration Appreciation Week

As part of the centennial celebration of The American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) and ASHRAE's 2005 Winter Meeting in Orlando, Florida, Mayor Buddy Dyer has signed a proclamation designating the week of meeting, February 5-9, 2005,...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Trends

- The worldwide market for air conditioning was estimated by BSRIA as being 34 billion USD in 2001 and was forecast to reach 39 billion USD in 2004. The Freedonia Group predicts a rise to 56 billion USD by 2008. Fastest growth will occur in the...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Revolutionising refrigeration: design and optimisation of a rotary magnetic domestic refrigerator

The International Institute of Refrigeration is pleased to highlight a study that advances the field of solid-state refrigeration. Researchers from the University of Genoa, Italy, have developed and optimised a...

• Publication date : 2025/09/17
• Subjects: Technology

Solar cooling on a district-scale in the South of France

The installation could cut CO2 production by 40 tons annually!

• Publication date : 2013/09/26

Honey is an efficient natural cryoprotectant in fertility preservation

While several review articles point to the need for new, effective and less toxic cryoprotectants, honey has proven to be an effective non-penetrating...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Technology

Briefs: Eddie Leonardi

The IIR was deeply saddened to learn of the death of Prof. Eddie Leonardi in December 2008. Eddie was Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of New South Wales, Australia, and taught refrigeration, air conditioning, thermodynamics,...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Corporate members: news

- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

The IJR is the most important scientific journal in the field of refrigeration technology. It is a co-publication of Elsevier and the IIR. Eight issues are published each year, with over 15 articles per issue. Certain issues are totally or...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Here are the latest IIR award-winners!

Once every 4 years during each International Congress of Refrigeration, the IIR presents a series of prestigious scientific awards:. Gustav Lorentzen Medal: the prize is awarded to a person with...

• Publication date : 2011/09/15

Job Opening - Senior Cooling Project Manager

The IIR is seeking a highly experienced and strategic Senior Cooling Project Manager to lead and coordinate international development projects focused on sustainable cooling and refrigeration, emissions...

• Publication date : 2025/10/02

Activities of the IIR’s Commission A2 on Liquefaction and Separation of Gases

The problems related to thermodynamic optimization and new technologies in liquefaction and separation of gases are actual and critical for many branches of modern industry, power generation and medicine.

• Publication date : 2014/03/07

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG