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IIR document
Cryogenic technologies for electron microscopy.
Cryogenic electron microscopy in life sciences and soft matter.
An approach for quantitative analysis of pore size distribution of silica gel using atomic force microscopy.
Observation and measurement of ice morphology in foods: a review.
Low conductive thermal insulation pad with high mechanical stiffness.
Observations of proliferation and division of frozen-thawed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a time-lapse cinemicroscopy.
Active control of ice adhesion force to copper surface by varying surfactant concentrations.
Measurements of correct ice adhesion forces to metal test plates in nano-scale by using SPM.
Preparation and encapsulation performance of Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3 glass-ceramic for high temperature thermal storage.
Investigating the evolution of the microstructure of stored chicken breast at different superchilling conditions using X-Ray micro-computed tomography.
Stainless steel valves with enhanced fatigue and corrosion performance through microstructure optimization.
Effect of cold coating on emissivity and absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Microfluidic chip for high-pressure freezing of biological samples for cryo-FIB-SEM and Raman micro-spectroscopy analysis.
Study of rehydration injury in lyophilized red blood cells.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
11 results
Cryo-electron microscopy wins the 2017 chemistry Nobel Prize
On October 2017, Jacques Dubochet (Switzerland), Joachim Frank (USA) and Richard Henderson (UK) were awarded the chemistry Nobel Prize for cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM).
Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy
A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.
Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
A microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) protocol designed at CEA-I²BM enables high-resolution visualization of amyloid plaques, associated with Alzheimer’s disease, 15-20 years before the first signs of dementia and memory loss appear.
Air paths inside fruit
Microscopically small structures inside pears and apples allow them to "breathe". Researchers at the Catholic University of Leuven and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) have visualized these pathways for the first time, therefore...
Innovative material for passive cooling and natural lighting
Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a polymer-based material that is more transparent to light than regular glass and maintains a comfortable indoor...
Simplifying the preservation at very low temperature of tissues used in ophthalmology
Researchers have compared the effects of −28 °C (standard freezer) and −80 °C preservation on human amniotic membrane, which is commonly used in ophthalmic...
The benefits of 3D printing in refrigeration and air conditioning
The various applications of 3D printing in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning highlight possible tremendous advantages in terms of energy efficiency and cost minimisation.
Lyophilization equipment and services market
New market report published by Transparency Market Research indicates the global lyophilization equipment and services market valued at USD 2.73 billion in 2013.
A laser beam which cools liquids
The first laser refrigeration process was demonstrated in vacuum conditions in 1995. Twenty years later, a team from University of Washington explains in a study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, how a laser can...
Always closer to absolute zero
NIST physicists have cooled a mechanical object to a temperature below the so-called “quantum limit.”
Scientists show how noise can drive refrigeration in quantum circuits
A team of researchers from the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, has experimentally tested a superconducting device which uses dephasing noise to power cooling at the quantum...
IIR news
3 results
Uniting 23 countries for cryogenics progress: Highlights from the 2025 IIR Cryogenics Conference
Bringing together 138 participants from 23 countries, the 18th IIR Conference on Cryogenics was a successful event that highlighted the latest advancements in cryogenic technologies and...
Publish your article in the IJR
Do you have something innovative to say about refrigeration? Find out how you can publish an article in the IIR International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR).
News from IIR members: Nestlé
Nestlé is conducting unique research with the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Switzerland (SLF) with a view to identifying the main mechanisms that alter the texture and structure of ice cream.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Events
1 result
Other event
2026 Cryogenic Microscopy & Spectroscopy Workshop
March 23, 2026 - March 26, 2026
Brno, Czech (Republic)
Fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration & innovation in cryogenics, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
Find out more
