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Análise dos gases de combustão provenientes de dois motores de combustão interna por injeção de gás natural e biodiesel.

Combustion gases analysis of two internal combustion engines by natural gas and biodiesel injection.

• Author(s) : CAVALCANTE A. W. A., SANTOS L. B. dos, SANTOS C. A. C.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : Biomass, Gas engine, Natural gas, Environment, Diesel, Combustion
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas.

• Author(s) : MOKHATAB S., MAK J. Y., VALAPPIL J. V., WOOD D. A.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LNG, Liquefaction, Regasification, Import, Natural gas

IIR document

The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : WANG X., WU J., MENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquefaction, Optimization, Modelling, Natural gas, Liquefied gas
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic analysis of natural gas reciprocating compressors based on real and ideal gas models.

• Author(s) : FARZANEH GORD M., NIAZMAND A., DEYMI-DASHTEBAYAZ M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Modelling, Natural gas, Equation of state, Reciprocating compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 56
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction using a rotor wave cryogenerator.

• Author(s) : ARKHAROV A., SEMENOV V., MALAKHOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryogenerator, Liquefaction, Rotor, Efficiency, Wave, LNG, Natural gas, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction with capacity 3000 kg/h.

• Author(s) : KRAKOVSKY B. D., MARTYNOV V. A., POPOV O. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Liquefier, Liquefaction, Efficiency, Russia, LNG, Natural gas, Control (generic)
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Optimization and analysis of mixed refrigerant composition for the PRICO natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : XU X., LIU J., CAO L.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Optimization, Mixture, LNG, Natural gas, Refrigerant
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 59

Recommended by the IIR

The Design and Optimization of Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes: A Review.

• Author(s) : GAO L., WANG J., BINAMA M., LI Q., CAI W.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Optimization, Design, LNG, Cascade system, Expansion, Review, Natural gas
• Source: Energies - 15 - 21
• Formats : PDF

Evolution and optimization of the dual mixed refrigerant process of natural gas liquefaction.

• Author(s) : KHAN M. S., KARIMI I. A., LEE M.
• Publication date: 2016/03/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Efficiency, Optimization, Modelling, Mixture, Natural gas, Refrigerant
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 96

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Novel integrated system for cryogenic CO2 capture and liquefaction of natural gas using natural refrigerants.

• Author(s) : HE T., GUNDERSEN T., LIN W.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Optimization, Carbon capture, Liquefaction, Natural gas, Ethane, Exergy, Thermodynamics, Simulation, Cryogenics, Azeotropic mixture
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Current and future role of natural gas supply chains in the transition to a low-carbon hydrogen economy: a comprehensive review on integrated natural gas supply chain optimisation models.

• Author(s) : YUSUF N., AL-ANSARI T.
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural gas, Hydrogen, Liquefaction, LNG, Review, CO2 emission, Cost, Modelling
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - 22
• Formats : PDF

The potential role of Egypt as a natural gas supplier: A review.

• Author(s) : ESILY R. R., CHI Y., IBRAHIEM D. M., AMER M. A.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Egypt, Natural gas, LNG, Review, CO2 emission, Market, Export, Economy
• Source: Energy Reports - vol. 8
• Formats : PDF

Novel mixed fluid cascade natural gas liquefaction process configuration using absorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : MEHRPOOYA M., OMIDI M., VATANI A.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Absorption system, Simulation, Performance, Natural gas, Waste heat
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Proposal and design of a natural gas liquefaction process recovering the energy obtained from the pressure reducing stations of high-pressure pipelines.

• Author(s) : TAN H., ZHAO Q., SUN N., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Design, Recovery, Gas pipeline, Natural gas
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 80

IIR document

Brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE) for small scale natural gas liquefaction plant application.

• Author(s) : JU Y., WU J., HE T., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Brazing, Design, Natural gas, Heat exchanger, Plate exchanger, CO2
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

ICR2011 highlights: possibilities for micro-scale natural gas liquefaction

Due to increasing energy demand, interest in micro-scale natural gas liquefaction plants for the exploitation of stranded wells is growing. At ICR2011, a team from Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Italy, presented a paper describing and...

• Publication date : 2012/01/26

Nestlé Japan’s Himeji factory’s natural gas cogeneration system

Nestlé Japan's Himeji factory's natural gas cogeneration system has won the 9th New Energy Award in recognition of its high degree of innovation. The Himeji plant is used to produce soluble coffee cryogenically and has high energy efficiency (92%,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Natural gas and liquefied gases in the maritime transport

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) increased its share of global gas trade carried by sea in 2014. Volumes increased by 2.5%, taking the total to 333.3 billion cubic meters.

• Publication date : 2016/01/18

Global liquefied natural gas figures

According to the International Gas Union, global liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade set a new record in 2016, reaching 258 million tonnes.

• Publication date : 2017/11/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy

US: LNG exports expected to drive growth in natural gas trade

The United States is expected to become a net exporter of natural gas by 2018.

• Publication date : 2017/06/28

Cruise ships and liquefied natural gas

Driven by tougher international and environmental standards, LNG is more and more used as a transportation fuel in cruise ships.

• Publication date : 2018/01/05

Liquefied Natural Gas for trucks is coming to France.

Several manufacturers have already entered this new promising market that could represent up to 20% of road transport in 2025.

• Publication date : 2014/12/12

Accelerated deployment of LNG import facilities in Europe

To cope with the drop in natural gas imports from Russia, some 25 new floating storage and regasification units should be installed in the European Union, with the first...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Latest IGU report: alarming gas-to-coal switching requires low-carbon solutions

The International Gas Union (IGU) assesses the global natural gas trade in 2020-21 in a report released in May 2022. The report also discusses the need for long-term alternatives to natural gas to reduce...

• Publication date : 2022/06/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

LNG remains the main driver of global gas demand in 2021-2025

In a recent report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) analyses the massive decline in gas demand in 2020. The covid-19 crisis has affected gas consumption mostly due to lower electricity demand in the...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Growing popularity of LNG as a fuel in maritime and land transport

Less than 1% of the world fleet is LNG-powered, but this figure is expected to grow at least fivefold over the coming years. Recent figures suggest that the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel for...

• Publication date : 2021/01/26

US likely to impose limits on LNG exports

Executives from two major oil firms said they believed the United States government was likely to impose limits on liquefied natural gas exports in order to maintain low domestic natural gas prices.

• Publication date : 2012/06/19

Indian LNG demand shows rapid growth due to high demand

The Indian Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas claims that LNG accounted for 41% of India’s total gas consumption in 2012 - 2013 and will account50% in 2013 – 2014: a 25% rise.

• Publication date : 2014/05/21

LNG in China

Robust growth in natural gas demand has led China to become the third largest LNG importer.

• Publication date : 2015/03/31

Heat pumps : the core technology for sustainable heating

A recent report by the IEA highlights that heat pumps are essential to reducing the use of natural gas for heating, while improving energy security, reducing emissions and ensuring...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on Liquefied Natural Gas

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that LNG is expected to play a major role in global energy strategies as it has many advantages and helps mitigate global warming when used instead of coal and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

Canada to Host LNG2023 in Vancouver

Vancouver will be the venue for the 20th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2023) following the selection of the Canadian Gas...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IIR member news: Engie

Engie (formerly GDF SUEZ) LNG Solutions has opened the first Liquefied Natural Gas filling station for trucks at Leeuwarden in the north of the Netherlands.

• Publication date : 2015/06/18

News from IIR members: GDF-SUEZ

GDF SUEZ continues to develop its small scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) activities in North West Europe following the awarding by Fluxys of additional berthing and storage capacity long-term rights at the Zeebrugge LNG terminal.

• Publication date : 2013/06/20

International LNG Conference and Exhibition rescheduled to 2023

The 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas, St Petersburg, has been rescheduled to 3 – 7 July 2023 and will be rebranded as LNG2023.

• Publication date : 2021/01/12
• Subjects: General information

News from IIR members: Total

Total is the world's fourth-largest listed producer of natural gas and one of its top three liquefied natural gas suppliers and has published recent statistics on LNG. Consumption has been growing almost 3% a year for more than 30 years. According...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008 will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low temperatures and air gases in industry and...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008, to be held in Prague on April 22-25, 2008, will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Conference update: Bratislava

Cryogenics 2010 will take place on April 26-29, 2010, in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. The main themes are helium cryogenics; superconductivity and cryogenic physics; liquefaction and separation of industrial gases and natural gas and the...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

News from IIR members: Mega project for Technip

Shell Gas & Power Developments BV is joining forces with Technip and Samsung to design, build and install multiple floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facilities over a period of up to 15 years. Shell and Technip-Samsung also signed a...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Conference update: Oran

The 16th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG16) will be held in Oran, Algeria, on April 18-21, 2010. Check out the programme and register for this event co-organized by the IIR:

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Upcoming IIR events: Barcelona

LNG 15 - Liquefied Natural Gas, a conference co-organized by the IIR, will take place on April 24-27, 2007 in Barcelona, Spain. The IIR will be running a stand and giving out its Informatory Note on LNG:

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences

The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences on 1) Commercial Refrigeration and 2) Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants are on sale. They comprise 134 papers. Main topics: 1) display cabinets, energy simulation...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

International events: Moscow

The 6th Cryogen-Expo took place in Moscow on November 13-16, 2007. Fifty-nine exhibitors from 10 countries took part, and a conference on Cryogenic Technologies and Equipment and Prospects of Development was staged on November 14-15. The IIR ran a...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Brief: IOR's Anniversary

Over 900 persons attended the UK Institute of Refrigeration (IOR)'s 106th Anniversary Dinner which was held on February 8, 2006 at Grosvenour House Hotel, London, appropriately in the ballroom, a former ice skating rink. In his speech, the...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids