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Recommended by the IIR
Análisis teórico y experimental de la sustitución del R-404A con la mezcla R-454A.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the substitution of R-404A with the R-454A mixture.
IIR document
Low GWP refrigerant R454A for commercial refrigeration.
Compressor performance comparison of R454A and R454C for refrigeration.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
The environmental impact and performance of HFO R454A in retail supermarkets.
Experimental investigation on the low-GWP HFC/HFO blends R454A and R454C in a R404A refrigeration system.
Assessing the impact of using very low GWP alternatives to R-404A.
System modelling with low global warming potential refrigerants for transportation refrigeration application.
The developing of lower GWP refrigerants.
Examining low global warming potential hydrofluoroolefin-hydrofluorocarbon blends as alternatives to R-404A.
A study of low GWP refrigerants for transport refrigeration based on hermetic scroll compressors with an economizer.
Test of condensing units’ performance and operating limits using different refrigerants.
Less than 150 GWP options to replace R-452A for transport refrigeration.
The thermodynamic behaviour of low-GWP zeotropic mixtures on water-source heat pump equipment.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
63 results
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Member news: Carrier Transicold to offer R452A in the United States
Carrier Transicold proposes R452A as an alternative to R404A for refrigerated hauliers in the USA.
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
R452A performance and environmental impact in refrigerated transport
A paper presented at the IIR ICCC conference in China provides a review of R452A properties, system performance and LCCP impact as an alternative refrigerant in refrigerated transport.
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants
In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...
US to ban high-GWP refrigerants
A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...
A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store
The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.
Air conditioning: which refrigerant will become the leading alternative to R410A?
R32 is being adopted widely for residential and small commercial air conditioning applications, but R466A, R452B and R454B are promising candidates, especially for larger size systems.
IIR news
6 results
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
New IIR conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants
From September 2 to 5, 2018 in Birmingham (UK), the Institute of Refrigeration (IOR) will host the inaugural IIR International Conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants.
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility
After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE
A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
