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IIR document

Operating characteristics of heat pump type ventilation heat recovery system in winter.

• Author(s) : WANG L., MA G., MA A., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Winter, Ventilation, Temperature variation, Heat recovery, Heat pump, Expérimentation, COP
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Zimní provoz klimatizacních systému v nových administrativních budovách.

Winter operation of air conditioning systems in new office buildings.

• Author(s) : LAIN M.
• Publication date: 2016/06
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Winter, Office, Ventilation, Heat recovery, Energy saving, Air conditioning, Heating
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 25 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

Study on Winter Comfort Temperature in Mixed Mode and HVAC Office Buildings in Japan.

• Author(s) : KHADKA S., RIJAL H. B., AMANO K., SAITO T., IMAGAWA H., UNO T., GENJO K., TAKATA H., TSUZUKI K., NAKAYA T., NISHINA D., HASEGAWA K., MORI T.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Office, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Heating, Winter, Japan, Indoor environment, Calculation, Case study
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - 19
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation of a ground coupled desiccant assisted air conditioning system during winter mode.

• Author(s) : NIEMANN P., SCHMITZ G.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Winter, Humidification, Heat pump, Ground-source system, Testing, Enthalpy, Energy efficiency, Desiccant, Air conditioning
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Étude expérimentale d'une thermofrigopompe au propane en fonctionnement hivernal.

Experimental investigation on a propane heating and cooling pump used for winter operation.

• Author(s) : GHOUBALI R., BYRNE P., BAZANTAY F.
• Publication date: 2016/03/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Winter, Hot water, Double effect heat pump, R290, Prototype, Propane, Performance, GWP, Defrosting
• Source: 1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Experiments on part load performance of ground source variable refrigerant flow system in winter.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : YAN L., ZHANG X., ZHAO D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Winter, Variable volume, Energy consumption, Performance, Ground-source system, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Part load
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 161
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the arrangement and effects of air layer in external thermal insulation walls in hot summer and cold winter zone in China.

• Author(s) : XU C., LI S., ZOU K., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Winter, China, Building, Heat transfer, Simulation, Wall, Summer, Insulation, Air conditioning, Condensation
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Energy Efficiency Research of an Air-source Heat Pump for Floor Heating System in Winter Test.

• Author(s) : NI C., HUANG H., YANG L., WANG T.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air-source system, Domestic heat pump, Domestic water, Residential building, Heating, Energy efficiency, Floor, Energy consumption, Winter, Case study, Calculation
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater using R290 with micro-channel heat transfer technology during the winter period.

• Author(s) : KONG X., YANG Y., ZHANG M., LI Y., LI J.
• Publication date: 2020/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar cooling, Heat pump, R290, Propane, Water heater, Microchannel, Winter, Performance, Direct expansion, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 113
• Formats : PDF

Key considerations when planning humidification systems.

• Author(s) : BREMER C.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dry air, Winter, Humidification, Standard, Relative humidity
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - 6
• Formats : PDF

Study on Economic Dispatch of the Combined Cooling Heating and Power Microgrid Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm.

• Author(s) : QIAO M., YU Z., DOU Z., WANG Y., ZHAO Y., XIE R., LIU L.
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Biomass, Electricity, Cogeneration, Optimization, Simulation, Modelling, Summer, Winter, Cost
• Source: Energies - 15 - 14
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

A study on the determination method of defrosting start time by calculation of frost volume.

• Author(s) : YOO J. W., CHUNG Y., KIM D. H., YOON S. H., SONG C. H., LEE K. H., KIM O. J., KIM M. S.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Frost, Defrosting, Winter, Expérimentation, Calculation, Heat exchanger
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

The nose – our personal high-performance air conditioning system and mighty protector.

• Author(s) : HUGENTOBLER W.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Nose, Relative humidity, Air quality, Indoor environment, Winter, Health
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - 6
• Formats : PDF

Relative humidity effects on viruses and human responses.

• Author(s) : KURNITSKI J., WARGOCKI P., AGANOVIC A.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : COVID-19, Relative humidity, Standard, Modelling, Health, Ventilation, Expérimentation, Winter
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - 6
• Formats : PDF

Dry indoor climate – Why and how to prepare for the next cold season?

• Author(s) : BÖRJESSON M., BEDNAROVA P. V., PETRONI S.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Relative humidity, Winter, Indoor environment, Health, Cold climate, Dry air
• Source: REHVA Journal - vol. 58 - 6
• Formats : PDF

2005 AHR Expo Innovation award winners

The winners of the third annual AHR (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration) Expo Innovation awards will be honoured during a ceremony during the 2005 AHR Expo in Orlando, Florida, on February 8, 2005. The product entries were judged for...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Cold storage of evergreen seedlings affected by global warming

Due to global warming, conifer seedlings are more often exposed to desiccation during snow-free winters. Overwinter cold storage allows to improve their survival, provided that...

• Publication date : 2022/05/23
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

An innovative ripening room inside a container.

Dutch manufacturer Interko has launched an innovative fruit ripening room inside of a standard refrigerated container.

• Publication date : 2021/06/07
• Subjects: Technology

USA: Update on the high-GWP HFC ban

In January, the U.S. Court of Appeals denied petitions for a rehearing of its ruling on high-GWP HFCs.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration

A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...

• Publication date : 2015/04/09
• Subjects: Regulation

Canada could follow US with HFC bans in certain applications

At the UN Climate Summit held in New York on 23 September, the Canadian Environment Minister, Leona Aglukkaq, announced that the government would soon publish a Notice of Intent to regulate HFCs in-line with the proposals recently published by the...

• Publication date : 2014/10/31
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

US EPA proposes to prohibit certain high-GWP HFCs in MAC and retail refrigeration

EPA proposed in July 2014 to change the status of certain HFCs with high GWP previously listed as acceptable under the EPA’s SNAP Program to unacceptable in several end-uses.

• Publication date : 2014/10/29
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Europe: the proposal to review the F-Gas Regulation has been published, and the proposal to ban PFAS has been delayed.

At the beginning of April, the European Commission published  a proposal to update the F-Gas Regulation . In addition, the proposed PFAS ban has been delayed for six months. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China

For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a  refrigerant, and four use R449A. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Special permission for Olympic ammonia bobsleigh

Russian authorities granted special permission for the construction of the country’s first ammonia refrigeration plant for the 1814-m bobsleigh track constructed in Krasnaya Polyana in the Western Caucasus, for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

• Publication date : 2012/07/31

Brief: York International

York International signed a 25 million USD contract, believed to be the largest ever air-conditioning contract of this type, to provide cooling to the Dubai Airport extension. The York team worked alongside the Dubai department of Civil Aviation...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Ozone-climate interactions

Ozone affects climate, and climate affects ozone. According to NASA's Observatory Earth, well before the expected stratospheric ozone layer recovery date of 2050, ozone's effects on climate may become the main driver of ozone loss in the...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Briefs: Interactive fridge

LG electronics has launched a state-of-the-art refrigerator that is not just for storing food: it is connected to a satellite and provides weather forecasts, displays digital photos, cooking recipes and can be connected to a DVD player, USB drive...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Symposium International au Maroc

Cette année, et pour la première fois au Maroc, se tiendra la 6ème édition du Symposium International : "Chaud & Froid et les managements alternatifs, l'optimisation de toutes les énergies" les 25 et 26 Novembre 2004 au Centre des Conférences...

• Publication date : 2004/11/12

International discussions on HFCs

North America and Micronesia submitted amendments aiming to phase down HFCs under the framework of the Montreal Protocol during the joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to...

• Publication date : 2015/02/11
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Event report: ASHRAE's Winter Meeting

ASHRAE’s Winter Meeting took place in Las Vegas, USA, on January 29-February 2, 2011 and was a major success regarding the number of attendees of the lectures and visitors to the exhibitions.

• Publication date : 2011/05/19

ASHRAE winter meeting and French refrigeration greetings ceremony

The IIR presented two papers at the ASHRAE Winter Meeting seminars and participated in the "Refrigeration Greetings event" organised by the French association of refrigeration (AFF) on 27...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

IIR at the 2024 ASHRAE winter conference and contribution to INWIC at the 2024 AHR expo

During ASHRAE’s Winter and the AHR expo meeting which took place in Chicago on January 20-24, the IIR organised and participated in the International Network of Women in Cooling (INWIC) networking...

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

Here are the latest IIR award-winners!

Once every 4 years during each International Congress of Refrigeration, the IIR presents a series of prestigious scientific awards:. Gustav Lorentzen Medal: the prize is awarded to a person with...

• Publication date : 2011/09/15

International events: ASHRAE

ASHRAE's Winter Meeting took place in New York, United States, on January 19-23, 2008. There was, as usual, a big conference and a big exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning. A meeting of the Society Alliances was held on...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

International activities: ASHRAE

The ASHRAE Winter Meeting took place on January 27-31, 2007 in Dallas, USA. It was focused on climate change and sustainable development. Eric Granryd, President of the General Conference, invited members of the Board to attend the IIR's Beijing...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Partnerships with other international organizations

- Eric Granryd, President of the General Conference, and Didier Coulomb attended the ASHRAE Winter Meeting in January 2006, and highlighted the role of the IIR and the need for cooperation on environmental issues. They also met with the US...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

ICR2015 : The 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

16 - 22 August 2015, the 24th ICR takes place in Yokohama, Japan!

• Publication date : 2013/10/10

International events: Interclima

Interclima took place on February 5-8, 2008. The IIR and the French Refrigeration Association (AFF) ran stands and launched Refrigeration Year. Appropriately, a 100-year-old ice machine, La Rapide, was demonstrated by its owner, Mr Alain Guyard,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

International activities: Partnerships with other international organizations

- Didier Coulomb attended the General Assembly of REHVA (Federation of European heating and air-conditioning associations) in Lausanne, Switzerland, on October 7-8, 2005. It was the occasion to practically implement cooperation with the IIR. -...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Press release : International Institute of Refrigeration launches new International Journal of Refrigeration online service

As of January 2017, not only will members of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) continue to receive the hard copy of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) but IIR membership will now also give members access to the...

• Publication date : 2017/01/11

Winners of the IIR Scientific Awards 2019 revealed

This time round, the IIR received a record number of applications and submissions to its various awards and is delighted to announce the winners.

• Publication date : 2019/04/15

Discover the winners of the IIR Student Competition

On the occasion of ICR2015, the IIR is sponsoring the first ever undergraduate student project competition entitled "ICR2015 Refrigeration for the Sustainable Cold Chain and Food Safety" (RSCC&FS).

• Publication date : 2015/07/15

Discover the winners of the IIR Scientific Awards

Every four years during the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), the IIR offers a series of prestigious scientific awards.

• Publication date : 2015/03/11

Discover the winners of the IIR Scientific Awards 2023

Every four years at its Congress, the IIR offers a series of prestigious Scientific Awards that recognise those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of refrigeration. Discover this year’s...

• Publication date : 2023/05/04
• Subjects: General information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams