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IIR document

Data driven assessment of a small scale evaporative condenser based on a combined artificial neural network with design of experiment approach.

• Author(s) : REICHERT H., DONNI R., SCHNEIDER P., ACUNHA I. C. Jr
• Publication date: 2020/07
• Languages :
• Keywords : Evaporative condenser, Testing, Artificial neural network, Performance, Design, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 115
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.

• Author(s) : SACASAS D., VEGA J., CUEVAS C., BORRAJO R.
• Publication date: 2023/09
• Languages :
• Keywords : Supermarket, R744, R404A, Booster, Compressor, Condenser, Gas cooler, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 153
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental and theoretical study on direct contact condensation affected by noncondensable gas.

• Author(s) : FENG S. Y., DANG C. B., OKAMOTO H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Performance, Modelling, Non condensable gas, Expérimentation, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhanced condensation heat transfer at a wide range of supersaturation level.

• Author(s) : SEO D., NAM Y.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Saturation, Heat transfer, Expérimentation, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Direct Contact Condensers: a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical investigations on direct-contact condensation.

• Author(s) : MADEJSKI P., KUŚ T., MICHALAK P., KARCH M., SUBRAMANIAN N.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat exchanger, CFD, Modelling, Expérimentation, Test rig, Condensation, Condenser, Review
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 24
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhanced condensation via surface modification: flow visualization.

• Author(s) : NACCARATO B., KIM J. K., ZHANG B. J.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Condensate, Heat transfer, Plate, Expérimentation, Condensation, Heat exchanger
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A critical review of analytical and numerical models of condensation in microchannels.

• Author(s) : KENIAR K., EL FIL B., GARIMELLA S.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microchannel, Condensation, Flow, CFD, Review, Condenser, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 120
• Formats : PDF

Current Research Trends in the Process of Condensation of Cooling Zeotropic Mixtures in Compact Condensers.

• Author(s) : KRUZEL M., BOHDAL T., DUTKOWSKI K., KUCZYNSKI W., CHLISZCZ K.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Zeotropic mixture, Condensation, Condenser, Glide, Thermodynamic property, Review
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Machine-learning algorithms for predicting condensation heat transfer coefficients in the presence of non-condensable gases.

• Author(s) : LI F., CAO H.
• Publication date: 2024/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Machine learning, Condensation, Heat transfer coefficient, Model, Correlation, Calculation, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 162
• Formats : PDF

Prediction of heat transfer during condensation in inclined plain tubes.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Correlation, Tube, Heat transfer, Prediction, Condensation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Thermo-hydraulic model for steam condensation in a large, inclined, flattened-tube air-cooled condenser.

• Author(s) : DAVIES W. A., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Heat transfer coefficient, Geometry, Tube, Air-cooled exchanger, Modelling, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Condensation of superheated R134a inside a vertical tube.

• Author(s) : SIERES J., MARTíNEZ-SUÁREZ J. A., MARTIN E.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Vertical tube, Heat transfer, Superheat, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Condensation
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Flow regime map for condensation from superheated vapor.

• Author(s) : XIAO J., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Vapour, Superheat, Modelling, HFO, HFC, Condensation
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Failure analysis of condensing units for refrigerators with refrigerant R134a, R404A.

• Author(s) : BOGDANOVSKA G., MOLNAR V., FEDORKO G.
• Publication date: 2019/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Fan, Condensing unit, R404A, Valve (compressor), Reliability, Expérimentation, Condenser, Compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 100
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improved correlation for heat transfer during condensation in conventional and mini/micro channels.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Correlation, Microchannel, Heat transfer, Condensation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Water savings thanks to hybrid condensers

Hybrid condensers offer significant water savings versus traditional water-cooled and evaporative condensers. They also make it possible to reduce energy consumption and refrigerant charge. In Australia, where water savings are a major issue since...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

The global evaporative condensing unit market.

A projection for the ten next years.

• Publication date : 2017/03/02

An ejector refrigeration system optimised for sub-zero temperatures on fishing vessels

Large amounts of diesel fuel are used to power fishing vessels engines and on-board refrigeration systems. In a recent theoretical study, an energy-efficient sub-zero refrigeration system proposed based on a...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Technology

IJR highlights: latest R&D results regarding household refrigerators

Vacuum insulation panels, mini-channel condensers and PCMs: 3 areas of research and development to reduce the energy consumption ofhousehold refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Scientists develop a chip to detect Legionelia very quickly

Researchers at the Technical University of Munich claim to have developed a test for quick detection of Legionella bacteria.

• Publication date : 2018/04/09

Briefs: Energy-efficient district cooling in Paris

The chilled-water urban cooling network in Paris, run by Climespace is made up of 6 plants and chilled water storage systems, with a 250 MW total refrigerating capacity and distribution temperatures from 0.5°C-4°C. Two different technical...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Heat exhangers: what's new?

Nanotechnology: the future of heat exchangers? The US Department of Energy has awarded contracts to improve energy efficiency. One such contract, awarded to TIAX, a technology development company, through the Small Business Innovation...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?

HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Brief: System to go!

Danfoss has been awarded its 4th consecutive Refrigeration Innovation Award for a completely self-contained refrigeration system. The Interchangeable Cooling Engine (I.C.E.) was designed for vending machine applications - it is already compliant...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Briefs: Largest distribution centre in Africa

The centre, built by Woolworths in Midrand, South Africa has a surface area of 72 000 m². The 2-stage refrigeration system uses 4.2 tons of ammonia. It operates at -9°C/+32°C on the low stage while the high-stage ammonia circuit is used to chill...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Brief: York International

York International signed a 25 million USD contract, believed to be the largest ever air-conditioning contract of this type, to provide cooling to the Dubai Airport extension. The York team worked alongside the Dubai department of Civil Aviation...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Nanotechnology: the future of heat exchangers?

The US Department of Energy has awarded contracts to improve energy efficiency. One such contract, awarded to TIAX, a technology development company, through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) programme, shall be used to develop a...

• Publication date : 2006/01/24

Briefs: ARTI's 21st Century Research Program

During the 2004 ASHRAE Winter meeting in Anaheim, results from several research projects initiated under the ARTI (Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute) 21st Century Research Program - initiated by ARI (Air-Conditioning and...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Cool Carrier

At the end of October of this year Carrier Transicold introduced Deltek㤠hybrid diesel electric technology to the North American refrigerated transport industry offering more reliable, easier maintained transport refrigeration systems at the...

• Publication date : 2006/01/24

New IIR publications: Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology

The French version of the IIR guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology will be published in November 2009; the goal of this guide is to provide practical ways of minimizing the energy consumption of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

New publications: Energy Savings

The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

News from IIR members: Johnson Controls

Johnson Controls and Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University are beating the record books with York CYK chillers. To construct what is claimed to be the world's largest chiller plant using air-cooled radiators, Johnson Controls is providing 26...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress

SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.

• Publication date : 2023/10/27

New IIR Informatory Note on solar cooling and other new publications

The IIR has just published an Informatory Note on solar cooling and has posted the Chinese version of the Informatory Note on the role of refrigeration in worldwide nutrition on its website.

• Publication date : 2021/01/26

Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies conference papers now available to download

Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies conference papers now available to download

• Publication date : 2019/06/20

New in our Encyclopedia: additive manufacturing for refrigeration equipment

Additive manufacturing makes it possible to optimise the geometry and performance of cooling components such as heat exchangers and regenerators for caloric...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)

The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

IIR website: a new course on inverse cooling cycles

A new course material prepared by Renato Lazzarin has been added to the “Courses and training” section of the IIR web site: “Inverse cycles – Refrigerating Equipment”.

• Publication date : 2019/04/30

News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes

Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway)  to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

The IIR website gets a makeover

After three years of existence, the home page of the IIR website has been modernised and its content made more visible. IIR projects are given a special place of honour, with detailed pages dedicated to each of...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

ERC Grant Awarded to Steffen Grohmann for Advancing Cryogenic Technology

Steffen Grohmann, President of IIR Commission A1, receives an advanced grant from the European Research Council for his innovative cryogenic technology project: GRAVITHELIUM, a key technology for the Einstein...

• Publication date : 2024/04/26

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG