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IIR document

Effect of sorbet freezing process on draw temperature and ice crystal size using focused beam reflectance method (FBRM) online measurements.

• Author(s) : ARELLANO B. J. E., GONZALEZ B. D., LEDUCQ D., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/08/21
• Languages :
• Keywords : Ice, Texture, Sorbet, Expérimentation, Crystal, Ice cream, Freezing
• Source: Proceedings of the 23^rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Prague, Czech Republic, August 21-26, 2011. Overarching theme: Refrigeration for Sustainable Development.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modelling freezing of food products at ice crystal scales.

• Author(s) : MULOT V., DOURSAT C., BENKHELIFA H., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice, Food, Temperature, Prediction, Modelling, Crystallization, Crystal, Freezing
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Influence of microwave assisted freezing parameters on ice crystal growth.

• Author(s) : GUSTINELLI G., ANDREU-CABEDO P., LOPEZ-QUIROGA E., XANTHAKIS E.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Freezing, Electromagnetism, Expérimentation, Food, Crystal, Crystallization, Wave
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on crystallization properties of titanium dioxide nanofluids.

• Author(s) : JIA L., CHEN Y., LIN G., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Titanium, Nucleation, Nanofluid, Expérimentation, Crystallization, Thermal energy storage
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modelling of crystallization during freeze-concentration of hydrolysates.

• Author(s) : KHAN M. U. , TOLSTOREBROV I., WIDELL K. N., HAFNER A., NORDTVEDT T. S.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fish, Freezing, Concentration, Protein, Separation, Crystallization, Modelling, Simulation, COP, Thermodynamic property
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of frost thickness and roughness growth from the perspective of frost crystal structure.

• Author(s) : ZHANG T., O'NEIL D. L., MCCLAIN S. T.
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Crystal, Frost, Thickness, Roughness, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The factors influencing the flavor characteristics of frozen obscure pufferfish (Takifugu Obscurus) during storage: Ice crystals, endogenous proteolysis and oxidation.

• Author(s) : YU D., JING D., YANG F., GAO P., JIANG Q., XU Y., YU P., XIA W.
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fish, Frozen food, Organoleptic property, Ice, Crystal, Crystallization, Oxidation, Proteolysis, Flavour, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 122
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study of the impact of crystallization parameters on properties of modified and reinforced ice structures intended for sports facilities and the Arctic.

• Author(s) : GONCHAROVA G., BUZNIK V., RAZOMASOV N., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Structure, Ice, Chemical composition, Arctic, Sport, Testing, Crystallization, Crystal
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Ice slurry formation and ice crystal growth by using paraffin microemulsion.

• Author(s) : LU L., SUN Z.
• Publication date: 2021/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice slurry, Paraffin, Crystal, Expérimentation, Thermal energy storage, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 130
• Formats : PDF

Transition of convective heat transfer to subcooled flow boiling due to crystallization fouling.

• Author(s) : ABD-ELHADY M. S., MALAYERI M.R.
• Publication date: 2016/01/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Fouling, Crystallization, Convection, Heat exchanger, Boiling
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 92

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Effects of crystal formation on the initial frost thickness and density on cold surfaces.

• Author(s) : HARGES E., CREMASCHI L.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Frost, Crystal, Surface, Wettability, Modelling, Thermodynamic property
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 136
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of supercooling accompanying the freezing process on ice crystals and the quality of frozen strawberry tissue.

• Author(s) : KOBAYASHI R., SUZUKI T.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice, Quality, Supercooling, Crystal, Freezing, Fruit
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Crystallization behavior and quality of frozen meat.

• Author(s) : DANG D. S., BASTARRACHEA L. J., MARTINI S., MATARNEH S. K.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frozen food, Meat, Crystallization, Organoleptic property, Tenderness, Water holding, Colour, Flavour, Freezing-thawing, Heat transfer, Energy balance, Review
• Source: Foods - 10 - 11
• Formats : PDF

Experimental Study on Frost Crystal Morphologies and Frosting Characteristics under Different Working Pressures.

• Author(s) : LAI T., LIU X., DONG X., QIANG M., YAN S., HOU Y.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Pressure, Crystal, Test rig, Expérimentation, Air conditioning, Thermodynamic property
• Source: Applied Sciences - 12 - 8
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Direct contact ultrasound assisted freezing of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus): growth and size distribution of ice crystals.

• Author(s) : ISLAM N., ZHANG M., FANG Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mushroom, Irradiation, Ice, Ultrasound, Reduction, Growth, Crystal, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 57
• Formats : PDF

Liquid crystal technology speeds up foodborne pathogen detection

Crystal Diagnostics has pioneered liquid-crystal technology that enables smart fast detection of bacteria and other dangerous pathogens such as E. coli in foodstuffs.

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

Refrigeration thanks to plastic crystals

Researchers have found that "plastic crystals" undergo particularly high temperature variations when subjected to pressure changes. These materials could be used for the development of the promising technology of barocaloric refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2019/04/30

Crystalline silicon solar cells efficiency

A study published in Nature Energy indicates that solar cell technology continues to develop and may rival energy produced by fossil fuels.

• Publication date : 2017/08/07

Cryoconcentration for improved flavour

Cryoconcentration is a relatively new food technology which consists in transforming milk, fruit or vegetable juices into a sorbet, before removing water ice crystals in order to obtain a highly flavoured concentrate.

• Publication date : 2011/12/08

Briefs: Accuracy of temperature-measuring equipment

Food Refrigeration & Process Engineering Research (FRPERC), University of Bristol (UK) has conducted studies on 3 types of temperature-monitoring equipment. The temperatures were measured between mock (tylose) food packs in 3 retail cabinets....

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Biological effects of low temperature

In the past couple of decades, the use of cryosurgery for the treatment of tumours, i.e. destroying abnormal lesions while protecting surrounding tissues, has spread. The biological effects of cryosurgery can be divided into 2 types: early/direct...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Briefs: Ice cubes at over 10°C

Ice slurries are well known for their capacity to transport heat within confined systems. Cemagref is currently working on a new type of two-phase secondary refrigerant: a gas-hydrate slurry which could pave the way for applications in the...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

PZT: electric cooling

A new material has been developed by a team of Cambridge scientists that turns cold at the press of a button. They have found a ceramic material that has a giant electrocaloric effect; 100 times larger than that seen in the 1960s when this...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Briefs: Ice cream scoops

A new edible antifreeze developed by a US researcher could keep ice cream smooth and tasty by preventing the formation of gritty crystals when the ice cream is subjected to sudden temperature fluctuation. The antifreeze contains proteins similar...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Cryo-Evolution

Thanks to advances in new freezing techniques, Israeli scientists have successfully transplanted whole frozen and thawed ovaries in sheep, retrieved oocytes from these ovaries and triggered them in the laboratory into early embryonic development,...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Optical refrigeration

A team in New Mexico University has created the first-ever optical cryocooler that could be applied to airborne and spaceborne sensors. It uses optical refrigeration which could enable miniaturization, an alternative to bulky mechanical...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Briefs: Snow fleas and transplant organs

Researchers have discovered that a potent antifreeze protein (AFP) that protects snow fleas from freezing may allow longer storage of transplant organs. The protein has been isolated and inhibits ice growth, potentially making it possible to store...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Improving adsorption cooling thanks to MOFs

Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds are porous crystalline materials composed of metal ions or metal clusters bridged by organic linking groups; they have outstanding adsorption properties, allowing for better efficiency and use on a larger...

• Publication date : 2015/02/20

Briefs: Superchilling keeps fish fresh longer

Scientists at the Norwegian Institute of Technology SINTEF have found that the superchilling of fish or meat between -1 to -3°C combines the extended life of freezing while retaining the fresh taste that chilling provides; it also reduces storage...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Is an ‘isochoric freezing’ revolution really in the offing?

Comparing isochoric freezing to classical isobaric freezing and new terminology proposal based on the conclusions of a group of IIR experts.

• Publication date : 2023/03/13
• Subjects: Technology

Pôle Cristal Symposium: Les Rendez-Vous Du Pole Cristal 2019

The twelfth edition of the symposium "les rendez-vous du Pôle Cristal" was held in Dinan on Thursday, October 3, 2019.

• Publication date : 2019/10/27

Pôle Cristal Symposium

Pôle Cristal Symposium will take place in Dinan, France, on October 7-8, 2010. More

• Publication date : 2010/10/01

News from IIR members: Pôle Cristal

Pôle Cristal is holding a conference "Les Rendez-vous de Pôle Cristal" in Dinan (western France) on October 6-10, 2008. The first day will cover Industrial refrigeration: which Forecasts for 2010 and Beyond? And the second day will be devoted to...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production

Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.

• Publication date : 2017/03/16

News from IIR members: Kinarca

Kinarca obtains ISO 22000 certification for its gel-ice machine. Bureau Veritas Certification has certified that Kinarca's Food Security system applied to the design process, manufacturing assembly and maintenance of flo-ice machines is according...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Obituary: Per-Oskar Persson

The former Managing Director of Frigoscandia AB, Per-Oskar Persson of Helsingborg, Sweden passed away on August 26, 2008, at the age of 84. He was an Honorary Member of IIR, President of Commission D1, 1971 - 1979, and Head of Section D 1979 -...

• Publication date : 2008/09/29

News from IIR members: Nestlé

Nestlé is conducting unique research with the Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Switzerland (SLF) with a view to identifying the main mechanisms that alter the texture and structure of ice cream.

• Publication date : 2012/06/25

New joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa

A new phase for joint IIR-FAO actions in Africa

• Publication date : 2014/10/09

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

Conference update: Dinan

Pôle Cristal Symposium will be held in Dinan, France on Octber 8-9, 2009. For full details: http://www.pole-cristal.tm.fr,

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Upcoming conferences: Dinan

Pôle Cristal Symposium, an IIR-co-sponsored event, will be held in Dinan, France, on October 7-8, 2010. It will focus on solutions for energy-efficient buildings. For full details:

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

International events: Dinan

About 200 people participated in the IIR-co-sponsored Pôle Cristal Symposium on October 8-9, 2009 in Dinan, France. The two main themes were solutions of the future for industrial and commercial refrigeration and options for low energy consumption...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Upcoming IIR Conference: Dinan (2006)

A call for papers has been launched for the 7th Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries, September 13-15, 2006 in Dinan, France. Themes: thermophysical properties of PCMs and Slurries: measurements and identification; transport phenomena...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

International events: Dinan

"Pôle Cristal" in Dinan, France, organized on October 9-10, 2008, a conference on industrial refrigeration and thermodynamic systems, celebrating the centenaries of the IIR and the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF). J. Paul, President of...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information