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IIR document

SIS100 HTS local current leads. Cryogenic performance.

• Author(s) : DATSKOV V., BLEILE A., HESS G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Multichannel temperature regulator for SIS100 HTS current leads.

• Author(s) : GUST N., KOZLOWSKI K., DATSKOV V., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryogenics in high-current busbars – Solutions and requirements.

• Author(s) : HANEBECK C., HUWER S., SCHREINER F., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconduction, Current lead, Liquid nitrogen, Loss, Optimization, Expérimentation, Cryogenics
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the influence structural defects on the critical current of the HTc superconducting tapes.

• Author(s) : SOSNOWSKI J.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconducting magnet, Current lead, Critical temperature, Superconducting tape, High temperature, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Predictive 1-D thermal-hydraulic analysis of the prototype HTS current leads for the ITER correction coils.

• Author(s) : HELLER R., BAUER P., SAVOLDI L., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 80

IIR document

Cryogenic tests of the main HTS current leads for the SIS100 heavy ion accelerator of the FAIR project.

• Author(s) : DATSKOV V., FISCHER E., BLEILE A., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design of a high-current cryogenic test stand for compact accelerator systems.

• Author(s) : ARNSBERG J., STAMM M., GROHMANN S.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Correction Magnets for Booster of Complex Accelerator NICA.

• Author(s) : LOSHMANOVA K., NIKIFOROV D., SMIRNOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Cryogenic design and test results of 30-m flexible hybrid energy transfer line with liquid hydrogen and superconducting MgB2 cable.

• Author(s) : KOSTYUK V. V., BLAGOV E. V., ANTYUKHOV I. V., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 66

La livraison de nuit, un système vertueux dans la logistique urbaine.

How night deliveries can improve urban logistics.

• Author(s) : DEVIN E.
• Publication date: 2017/05
• Languages : French
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - n.1163

IIR document

Direct drive solar coolers.

• Author(s) : PEDERSEN H., KATIC I.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Chapter 2 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018.

• Author(s) : MONTZKA S. A., VELDERS G. J. M.
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Waste Heat Recovery Technologies Revisited with Emphasis on New Solutions, Including Heat Pipes, and Case Studies.

• Author(s) : CHRISTODOULIDES P., AGATHOKLEOUS R., ARESTI L., KALOGIROU S. A., TASSOU S. A., FLORIDES G. A.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Towards a method for cryopreservation of mosquito vectors of human pathogens.

• Author(s) : GALLICHOTTE E. N., DOBOS K. M., EBEL G. D., HAGEDORN M., RASGON J. L., RICHARDSON J. H., STEDMAN T. T., BARFIELD J. P.
• Publication date: 2021/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Characteristics of R454C and R455A as R404A alternatives in commercial refrigeration.

• Author(s) : MAKHNATCH P., MOTA BABILONI A., KHODABANDEH R., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: CERN: LHC relaunch

CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will initially run at an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam when it starts up in November this year. All tests on the machine's high-current electrical connections have now been completed and demonstrate that no further...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Recent developments in automobile air conditioning

Valeo has developed an environmentally-friendly air-conditioning system which meets future EU regulations. The Valeo R-744 system, based on CO2, represents a significant technological breakthrough due to the significantly higher pressure...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

European Commission

The European Commission presented on August 1, 2008, a proposal to amend current Regulation 2037/2000 on ozone depleting substances (ODS) highlighting the interplay between both the ozone depleting and global warming effect from such substances...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

The HCFC phase-out challenge (2)

- Following the decision taken in September 2007 by the signatory countries of the Montreal Protocol to accelerate by 10 years the phase-out schedule of HCFCs, the IIR has decided to have a regular section in the Newsletter dedicated to this...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Natural refrigerants in emerging countries: GTZ

Within the International Climate Initiative, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) is implementing a project aiming to introduce R290 (propane) room air-conditioning systems in China in order to replace HCFC-22. Endowed...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Development and evaluation of a reversible CO2 residential air conditioning system compared to a state-of-the art R410a unit

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A reversible CO2 prototype RAC split unit system was designed, built and installed in two calorimetric test chambers. The unit is based on the Lorentzen Cycle...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

Automobile air conditioning

Toyota has developed a super lightweight external variable displacement compressor for automobile air conditioning, which helps conserve energy and resources and reduces CO 2 emissions. Conventionally, fixed displacement compressors were installed...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Scroll compressors offer top efficiency

Scroll compressors offer top efficiency The Taiwan-based compressor manufacturer ChynTec International Co. Ltd. published an article earlier this year offering a synthetic comparison of the general performance of reciprocating, scroll and screw...

• Publication date : 2005/12/22

Trends and Figures: Increase in AC prices in Asia

According to 2 articles in JARN, the prices of air conditioning are starting to show the effects of the rising raw materials prices, including those of copper, steel and aluminium. There are claims that the prices of these essential metals, in...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

New cryogenic refrigerator to deep-freeze chips

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a compact, solid-state refrigerator capable of reaching very low temperatures (as low as 100 milliKelvin). The refrigerator works using a "sandwich" of normal-...

• Publication date : 2004/05/25

Trends and Markets: The Dubai District-Cooling Boom

The United Arab Emirates has the potential to become the world's largest district-cooling market: demand is estimated at 10 million tonnes of refrigeration (36 360 MW) in the next 10 years. The construction boom in Dubai has triggered particularly...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Briefs: USA

- The US Department of Energy (DOE) has published on August 31 the first energy efficiency standards for refrigerated vending machines. The new standards take effect in 2012 and over the following 30 years, DOE estimates it will save about 47 TWh...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Refrigerated storage trends

Several cold store building projects illustrate trends currently observed in the refrigerated storage field: - by building in Harnes the largest cold store in France, frozen chip producer Mc Cain intends to house under one roof in April 2010 its...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

HFO-1234yf news

HFO-1234yf, developed by DuPont and Honeywell as a substitute for HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning applications in response to EU 2006/40 Directive which bans the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 150 in new types of vehicles by...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Alternative Cooling Technologies conference, London, 1st February 2005

This conference, which was co-sponsored by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and organised commercially by RAC magazine, was well attended with about 140 people present. It was arranged in five sessions. In the first session, speakers from UK...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

The First Students and Researchers Network!

During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2011/09/19

The IIR at COP-11/MOP-1 in Montreal

The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, participated in this "historic" event which gathered 10 000 people for the largest United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ever held. The conference held...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

IIR Working Party on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems: Join Us!

Suitable design of refrigerating systems has several benefits in terms of limitation of the environmental impact thanks to a reduction in the energy consumption and the limitation of refrigerant emissions. The direct greenhouse effect accounts for...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

We are hiring a techical project manager

The IIR is involved in diverse projects supporting academia and countries. The candidate will support the IIR projects department, and will develop and secure new projects for the IIR and ensure that they are...

• Publication date : 2024/04/08

The IIR makes its mark in LNG

In line with our objective to remain at the forefront of developments in the field of cryogenics the IIR, in partnership with the lnternational Gas Union (IGU), and the Gas Technology Institute (GTI), organizes triennial LNG conferences across the...

• Publication date : 2015/10/14

Publish your thesis on the IIR website!

To gain visibility, publish your thesis in FRIDOC: the world’s most comprehensive database dedicated to information on refrigeration! 

• Publication date : 2024/01/22

A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration

A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering

Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2015/04/01

IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year

Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...

• Publication date : 2019/07/30

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, HFCs alternatives

New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction

Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28

New Working Group: Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)

 IIR and UNEP-led Cool Coalition are excited to announce the formation of a new working group titled "Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)"

• Publication date : 2024/06/27

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe

At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...

• Publication date : 2024/11/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR economic news service: the latest from our market report partners

The IIR has established partnerships with several leading market research companies, as well as with establishments that combine and provide detailed reports and global analytical studies on different sectors of the refrigeration or economic...

• Publication date : 2016/12/07

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams