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IIR document
Development of a thermally driven ice slurry generator.
Direct expansion or chilled water. Which is better?
Ciclo de absorção intermitente agua-amoníaco para produção de gelo utilizando energia solar térmica.
Intermittent water-ammonia absorption cycle for ice production using thermal solar energy.
Evaluation of the design of chilled water system based on the optimal operation performance of equipments.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Heat-driven snow production applying ejector and natural refrigerant.
Influence of design and operational parameters on the cooling performance of a cold storage box for cold chain logistics.
Sub-chilling of head-on gutted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before filleting; effect on storage quality.
Techno-economic control strategy optimization for water-source heat pump coupled with ice storage district cooling system.
Operational experiences with an ice slurry cold thermal storage system using the R718 direct evaporation ice generation process.
Diagnóstico energético em sistema de água gelada (chillers).
Energy diagnosis of a chilled water system (chiller)
Efecto de la concentración del hielo en el comportamiento de una bomba centrifuga operando con hielo líquido.
Effect of the concentration of ice on the behaviour of a centrifugal pump operating with ice slurry.
Numerical simulation of water solidification in square ice trays: A simplified enthalpic formulation.
Development, validation, and assessment of a high fidelity chilled water plant model.
Experimental study on the freezing process of a supercooled horizontal water bridge between cold fins.
Investigation into the ice generator with double supercooled heat exchangers.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
21 results
Solar panels and a "water battery" to provide chilled water for air conditioners in an Australian university
The University of the Sunshine Coast, in Australia, has announced plans to install a giant "water battery" run by 5,800 solar panels to provide chilled water for air conditioning.
Chilled water cooling pads to reduce heat stress in pigs
A team of scientists at Purdue university in the USA has developed cooling pads to keep pigs cool and reduce the impact of heat stress on milk output and piglet...
Ice cream global trade data
Various market analysts predict an upward trend in the global ice cream market, particularly in Asia-Pacific and several emerging economies. Europe led global exports of ice cream in...
Ice cream global trade data 2022
Europe continues to lead global exports of ice cream in 2022, according to the United Nations Comtrade database.
2023 Ice cream production and trade overview
Despite a slight decrease in production, Europe continues to lead global exports of ice cream in 2023.
The district cooling network of Paris will be extended by 158 km within 20 years
Paris’ district cooling network currently covers over 86 kilometres and will be extended to 250 kilometres by 2042. It will increase the city's contribution to the carbon neutrality objective by...
The CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioning) market within the EMEA zone
The CRAC market accounts for 30,000 sold units in 2014, i.e as many as in 2013 within the EMEA zone. Like in 2013, 80% of the market is dominated by Europe.
Juice mission: discovering the icy moons of Jupiter
ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) lifted off on an Ariane 5 rocket on 14 April 2023. This successful launch marks the beginning of an ambitious journey to discover the secrets...
Air-conditioning and heat-pump market figures in France; January-April 2014.
From January to April 2014, air-to-air heat pumps showed signs of very slight growth (2 to 4 %) whereas air-to-water heat pump sales grew by 23 %.
Solar cooling on a district-scale in the South of France
The installation could cut CO2 production by 40 tons annually!
Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects
In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.
Viability of an absorption solar cooling system in an isolated school in Mexico
A recent IJR article presents a simulation of the operating strategies and the results of the first experiments following the installation of a solar thermal absorption air conditioning system, installed in an...
Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources
A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.
The water chillers market within the EMEA (Europe Middle East & Africa) zone
Like in 2013, the largest market is the Middle East (2.57 millions of kW ) followed by Germany (2.48 millions of kW ), France (2.36 millions of kW ) and Italy (2.29 millions of kW ).
Alternative cooling technologies could help Singapore reach 80% building energy efficiency improvement target
A new study by Singapore’s Building and Construction Authority (BCA) finds that an 80% improvement in building energy efficiency compared with 2005 levels is technically feasible, highlighting alternative...
IIR news
3 results
New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.
A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing.
IIR releases new technical brief on dehumidification technologies for air conditioning
Paris, France — July 2026 — The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has published Dehumidification in Air Conditioning, the 62nd in its Technical Brief series on refrigeration technologies. The...
Danfoss unveils oil-free R600a centrifugal compressor at MCE 2026
An innovative high-capacity compressor using isobutane and magnetic bearing technology reflects growing interest in natural refrigerants for large-scale cooling applications.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
