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IIR document

Separation of binary mixtures based on helium and heavy inert gases.

• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages :
• Keywords : Separation, Mixture, Purification, Helium, Xenon, Krypton, Argon, Adsorption, Membrane
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Keywords : Methane, Ethane, Bubble, Pool boiling, Correlation, Model, Joule-Thomson, Modelling, LNG, Liquefaction
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis on a novel small-scale autocascade natural gas liquefaction system utilizing a rectifying column.

• Author(s) : SONG Q., WANG H., REN B., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Simulation, Oil separator, Cascade system, Hydrocarbon, Natural gas, Compressor
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Expansion turbines for Brayton cycle and He or LNG liquefiers.

• Author(s) : SCHUSTR P., PLASIL V., SIMEK J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Turbine, Helium, Liquefier, Liquefaction, Brayton, Design, LNG, Expansion
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Holding time of horizontal cryogenic vacuum insulated tanks.

• Author(s) : KOTEK M., SUMA J., CHRZ V.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Production of stable neon isotope by the method of low temperature rectification.

• Author(s) : BONDARENKO V., PODDUBNA M., SYMONENKO I., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Rectification, Low temperature, Separation, Production, Neon
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A parallel connection device to reduce non-uniform flow distribution in the large-scale vertical radial flow adsorber.

• Author(s) : RUI D., CHEN Y., ZHANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air, Adsorber, Separation, Flow, Cryogenics, Distribution
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Parameter optimization of successive stages of the technology for obtaining 3He isotope from natural helium.

• Author(s) : BONDARENKO V. L., GRAFOV A. P., KUPRIYANOV M. Y.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Rectification, Helium, Adsorption, Separation, Cryogenics
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modeling of cryogenic air separation unit using an object-oriented approach and modelica-based mode.

• Author(s) : TIAN Q., HE G., CAI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air, Separation, Modelling, Cryogenics
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Small-scale vortex tubes in cryogenics.

• Author(s) : BONDARENKO V. L., DALAKOV P. I., TYSHKO D. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Understanding the physical phenomena that occur inside heat exchangers for liquefaction of hydrogen.

• Author(s) : WILHELMSEN O., SKAUGEN G., BERSTAD D., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Liquefaction, Modelling, Hydrogen, Neon, Energy efficiency, Heat exchanger
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergy-based methods for air separation.

• Author(s) : TESCH S., MOROZUK T., TSATSARONIS G.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, Exergy, Economy, Air, Separation, Production, Modelling, Expérimentation, Environment
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The extraction of rare gases by desublimation method.

• Author(s) : CHYHRIN A., PYLYPENKO B., BONDARENKO A.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Xenon, Temperature, Sublimation, Separation, Rare gas, Expérimentation, Component
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The analysis of refrigeration cycles in the technologies of producing of neon and its stable isotopes AT T = 28 K.

• Author(s) : BONDARENKO V., DALAKOV P., SYMONENKO I., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Comparison, Separation, Neon, Thermodynamic cycle, Cryogenics, Component
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Aspects of hydrogen liquefier scale-up – process and equipment design.

• Author(s) : CARDELLA U., DECKER L., KLEIN H.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Optimization, Expander, Hydrogen, Cost, Heat exchanger, Compressor
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: General information, Technology

Cryogenic carbon capture technologies

Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Cryogenic tyre grinding

Liquid nitrogen or other cryogenic fluids can be used in order to process used tyres, as temperatures under -80°C render the rubber brittle and easy to shatter.

• Publication date : 2012/03/22

ICR2011 highlights: possibilities for micro-scale natural gas liquefaction

Due to increasing energy demand, interest in micro-scale natural gas liquefaction plants for the exploitation of stranded wells is growing. At ICR2011, a team from Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Italy, presented a paper describing and...

• Publication date : 2012/01/26

Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage

Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28
• Subjects: Technology

Latest news on LNG and bio-LNG infrastructure projects in the pipeline

At the beginning of 2022, several LNG or bio-LNG projects are underway. 

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Hydrogen liquefaction using a new magnetic cooling technique.

A recent study proposes a technique that could be used for hydrogen liquefaction using magnetic refrigeration at low temperatures.

• Publication date : 2021/04/15
• Subjects: Technology

Magnetic refrigeration, a promising technology for the liquefaction of hydrogen

A keynote at the recent IIR Congress highlights magnetic refrigeration as a technology with high potential for the liquefaction of hydrogen, an essential energy vector for decarbonisation. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

The world’s first liquified hydrogen carrier ship en route from Japan to Australia

Since the end of December 2021, the world’s first liquefied hydrogen (LH2) carrier, the “Suiso Frontier”, is achieving its first round trip between Japan and Australia. The voyage is...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Global LNG trade figures for 2022 and early 2023

Global LNG trade grew in 2022, especially in Europe, where LNG imports were necessary to make up for the disruption of Russia’s pipeline gas supply. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

For IIR members only

Global LNG trade figures for 2023 and early 2024

Global LNG trade grew by 2.1% between 2022 and 2023, connecting 20 exporting with 51 importing markets.

• Publication date : 2024/08/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Refrigeration now at the heart of international discussions

The recent G7 meeting in France and the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019 in the US illustrate the growing importance of the refrigeration sector in international discussions.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

A responsible community, from science to society

IIR newsletter focus, by Philippe Lebrun, President of the General Conference of the IIR

• Publication date : 2017/02/01
• Subjects: Environment, General information

News flash: New IIR Web site!

The new IIR Web site has just been launched: http://www.iifiir.org The new English version is now accessible and the French version will be ready soon. New design and graphics have been...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

News flash: IIR e-mail addresses have changed!

Please note that for technical reasons, the e-mail address of the IIR has changed. You can now contact us at iif-iir@iifiir.org (instead of

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Activities of the IIR’s Commission A2 on Liquefaction and Separation of Gases

The problems related to thermodynamic optimization and new technologies in liquefaction and separation of gases are actual and critical for many branches of modern industry, power generation and medicine.

• Publication date : 2014/03/07

Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference

Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.

• Publication date : 2019/07/02

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

ICR2007 in Beijing

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) holds Congresses every 4 years. They have two objectives: - a scientific objective: apart from the numerous IIR and IIR-co-sponsored conferences (about 50 over a 4-year period), which are focused...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008 will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low temperatures and air gases in industry and...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008, to be held in Prague on April 22-25, 2008, will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Conference update: Bratislava

Cryogenics 2010 will take place on April 26-29, 2010, in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. The main themes are helium cryogenics; superconductivity and cryogenic physics; liquefaction and separation of industrial gases and natural gas and the...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

IIR Conference: Prague

Prague , Czech Republic , is to host three cryogenic conferences, Cryoprague 2006, on July 17-21, 2006 : Cryogenics 2006, an IIR conference, and 2 conferences to be co-sponsored, International Cryogenic Engineering Conference 21 (ICEC 21),...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

The 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2011) will take place in Prague on August 21-26, 2011. This will be the key refrigeration event in 2011 and will deal with all facets of refrigeration and refrigeration technology. Around...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Obituary: Prof. Dr Helmut Knapp

Prof. Dr Helmut Knapp, Honorary Member of the IIR and former President of IIR Commission A3 (Liquefaction and Separation of Gases) from 1979 to 1987, died at the age of 86. The IIR extends its sympathy to the families of Prof. van Paassen and...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

IIR Working Parties

The IIR has 10 commissions: Cryophysics, cryoegineering (A1); Liquefaction and separation of gases (A2); Thermodynamics and transfer processes(B1); Refrigerating equipment (B2); Cryobiology, cryomedicine (C1); Food science and engineering (C2);...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

News from IIR members: Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque

During a meeting at the IIR on May 30, 2011, several persons from Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque (Dunkerque Urban Community) (a benefactor member of the IIR) presented the launching of an Institute of Low-Temperature Technology (Innocold).The...

• Publication date : 2011/08/10

Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!

ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities

• Publication date : 2015/05/06

IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic

To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

News from IIR members: Air Liquide: fast expansion in Turkey

Turkey has a dynamic economy with a growth rate of 9% in 2010. Its industries are developing and diversifying, and the petrochemical sector is expanding.Air Liquide recently signed a long-term contract with the Turkish petrochemical Group...

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs