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IIR document

HFO-1234yf, a refrigerant of choice in mobile air conditioning.

• Author(s) : ACHAICHIA N.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Generality, Safety, Toxicity, Performance, Flammability, HFO, Mobile air conditioning
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

LCCP analysis of energy-saving effect of defaulting to recirculated cabin air in EV mobile air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : ZHANG Z., CHEN X., LIU C., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calculation, Performance, LCCP, Energy saving, Default, Mobile air conditioning, Climate
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Transient simulation of secondary loop mobile air conditioning systems.

• Author(s) : MEI Z., HWANG Y., KIM J.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, R1234yf, Transient state, R152a, Simulation, Indirect system, Evaporator, Refrigerant, Mobile air conditioning
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental and numerical study of a mobile reversible air conditioning-heat pump system.

• Author(s) : FENG L., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (equipment), Heat pump, Performance, Modelling, Mobile air conditioning, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Economic and climate advantages of using secondary loop systems (SL-MACs) for HFO-1234yf in mobile air conditioning.

• Author(s) : ANDERSEN S. O., BAKER J. A., CHOWDHURY S. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Comparison, HFO, Carbon footprint, Cost, Mobile air conditioning, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Economic and climate advantages of using secondary loop systems (SL-MACs) for HFO-1234yf in mobile air conditioning.

• Author(s) : SHERMAN N.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Comparison, HFO, Carbon footprint, Cost, Mobile air conditioning, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Study of a polymer ejector design and manufacturing approach for a mobile air conditioning.

• Author(s) : BERAN T., HUBEL J., MAERTENS R., REUTER S., GARTNER J., KÖHLER J., KOCH T.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Polymer, Ejector system, Mobile air conditioning, R1234yf, Evaporator, Expérimentation, Test rig, Manufacture, Car
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 126
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation of refrigerant pipe pressure drop and charge reduction of mobile air conditioning units with R1234yf.

• Author(s) : MEINERT R., SPEERFORCK A.
• Publication date: 2023/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerant charge, Pressure drop, Mobile air conditioning, R1234yf, Expérimentation, Simulation, Modelling, CFD
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 146
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Mobile air conditioning. The life-cycle costs and greenhouse-gas benefits of switching to alternative refrigerants and improving system efficiencies.

• Author(s) : BLUMBERG K., ISENSTADT A., TADDONIO K. N., ANDERSEN S. O., SHERMAN N. J.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, R134a, R1234yf, Safety, Low GWP, R744, R152a, Review, CO2 emission, Energy efficiency, Greenhouse effect, Life cycle, Leakage, Refrigerant, Mobile air conditioning, Indirect system
• Formats : PDF

Mobile air-conditioning. Fact Sheet 12.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Car, Bus, Rail transport, Substitute, HFC, Air conditioning

IIR document

Performance improvement potentials of R1234yf mobile air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : QI Z.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Enhancement, Car, Superheat, Subcooling, Performance, Air conditioning, Compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 58
• Formats : PDF

Optimization of the air-cooled supercapacitor module compartment for an electric bus.

• Author(s) : ZHANG X., WANG W., HE H., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electricity, Bus, Performance, Expérimentation, Mobile air conditioning, Air conditioning
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 112

EU F-Gas Regulation guidance. Information sheet 6: mobile air-conditioning.

• Author(s) : Gluckman Consulting, Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), Jacobs
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Refrigerating system, European Union, Car, Recommendation, HFC, GWP, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: gluckmanconsulting.com

A novice method for calibrating the transient model of an automotive HVAC system.

• Author(s) : YANG Z., SHU J., LI J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calibration, Transient state, Optimization, Modelling, Mobile air conditioning
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Development and validation of a simplified dynamic thermal model of a vehicle’s cabin.

• Author(s) : VIANA-FONS J. D., GONZÁLVEZ-MACIÁ J., PAYÁ J.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mobile air conditioning, Cabin, Thermal load, Shading, Modelling
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Automobile air conditioning

Toyota has developed a super lightweight external variable displacement compressor for automobile air conditioning, which helps conserve energy and resources and reduces CO 2 emissions. Conventionally, fixed displacement compressors were installed...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Recent developments in automobile air conditioning

Valeo has developed an environmentally-friendly air-conditioning system which meets future EU regulations. The Valeo R-744 system, based on CO2, represents a significant technological breakthrough due to the significantly higher pressure...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Briefs: Automobile air conditioning in China

Germany-based Behr GmbH & Co., Shanghai Automotive Co. Ltd. in China and Sanden Corporation in Japan have set up a joint venture (called Shanghai Sanden Behr) to develop, manufacture and market refrigerant compressors for cars and trucks....

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Mobile air conditioning: VDA

VDA officially opts for CO2 mobile air conditioning The German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) recently confirmed that the German car industry has chosen the natural refrigerant CO2 (R-744) for future mobile air conditioning. VDA...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Mobile air conditioning: DuPont & Honeywell

DuPont and Honeywell have entered into a global joint development designed to accelerate the development and commercialization of next-generation low global-warming refrigerants for mobile air conditioning. One aim is to develop a refrigerant that...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Mobile Air Conditioning: R&D is intensifying

The Mobile Air-Conditioning sector (MAC) is currently in the news. On January 31, 2006, the European Parliament and the Council reached agreement on a Directive (to be transposed at national level) "relating to emissions from air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

The 15th annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit took place on April 13-15, 2004 in Washington DC.

The annual Earth Technologies Forum conference evolved from the International Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies and the International Climate Change Conference & Technologies Exhibition. It provides a comprehensive programme and...

• Publication date : 2004/05/18

Development of a prototype of Secondary loop Mobile Air Conditioning System

Tata Motor, an Indian car manufacturer, recently signed a partnership with the German automotive supplier Mahle to design and develop a Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning System (SL-MAC).

• Publication date : 2017/09/13

Mobile air-conditioning: impacts of MAC directive

Conflicts around the refrigerant R1234yf.

• Publication date : 2017/08/22
• Subjects: Regulation

Daimler starts testing CO2 mobile air-conditioning prototypes

Unlike most of the car manufacturers which opted for R1234yf, Daimler has started testing mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems using CO2.

• Publication date : 2014/02/10

Global mobile air conditioning market

The demand for MAC systems is currently divided between Asia, the EU and the Americas, with the biggest markets being China (26.1%) and Europe (22.3%).

• Publication date : 2015/02/09

New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning

Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".

• Publication date : 2014/12/18

A 20% reduction in CO2 emissions from mobile air conditioning by 2050 is possible

A recent report from the International Energy Agency “Cooling on the Move - The future of air conditioning in vehicles” explores the current and future global energy consumption from mobile air conditioning systems, along with the resulting...

• Publication date : 2019/10/30

Latest developments on the mobile air conditioning front

According to the MAC Directive, by January 1, 2017, all new vehicles in the European Union (EU) are to be equipped with air-conditioning systems using refrigerant with GWP under 150. Most EU car manufacturers have opted for R1234yf.

• Publication date : 2014/11/17

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

ATMOsphere MAC Summit 2024 x TU Berlin: natural refrigerants for mobile air conditioning and heat pumps

On 12 and 13 September 2024, the ATMOsphere MAC Summit 2024 was held in Berlin, co-organised with the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin).

• Publication date : 2024/10/03

New IIR Working Group “Electric vehicle thermal management systems”

This new working group, which focuses on a topical theme, is headed by Xianting Li, new President of Section E.

• Publication date : 2023/10/26

New IIR Informatory Note on automotive air conditioning

The latest IIR Informatory Note presents recent technological trends in automotive air conditioning, in particular for electric cars, and outlines the challenges in terms of energy efficiency and CO2...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

The IIR worldwide (June 2019)

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment, HFCs alternatives

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG