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Electrical protection for HVAC&R equipment.

• Author(s) : ELOVITZ K. M.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Standardization, Refrigerating system, Protection, Electric property, USA, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 2

Synergistic bioactive protection of LEA-motif and trehalose on insulin during freeze-drying.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU L., LI D., GUO B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Protection, Hormone, Freeze-drying, Stability, Expérimentation, Chromatography
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 164
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Personal protective equipment for safety when working with NH3 and CO2.

• Author(s) : JOHNSON E. D., McKEOWN E.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Staff, Protection, Generality, Safety, R744, R717, Ammonia, Equipment, CO2
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Study of the technologies for freeze protection of cooling towers in the solar system.

• Author(s) : LIU J., ZHANG L., CHEN Y., YIN Z., SHEN Y., SUN Y.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar thermal system, Cooling tower, Antifreeze, Antifreeze protection, Expérimentation, Cooling capacity
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 24
• Formats : PDF

Experimental fire studies on load bearing steel structures with common protective coatings used in China.

• Author(s) : DONG X., CHOW W. K., FONG N. K.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Protection, Fire, China, Building, Mechanical property, Temperature, Coating (materials), Expérimentation, Construction, Steel
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 3rd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Energy efficiency as a protection tool.

• Author(s) : CARBONARA G.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Source: 49^th AiCARR International Conference. Historical and existing buildings: designing the retrofit. An overview from energy performances to indoor air quality.
• Formats : PDF

Cryoprotective effects and quality maintenance of antifreeze proteins and peptides on aquatic products: a review.

• Author(s) : FAN X., GENG W., LI M., WU Z., MA Y., LI Z., BENJAKUL S., ZHAO Q.
• Publication date: 2024/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryoprotectant, Review, Seafood, Freezing, Antifreeze protection, Crystallization, Organoleptic property, Surimi
• Source: Foods - vol. 13 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

T-bar floor protection in intermodal refrigerated containers.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal protection of ice cream during storage and transportation.

• Author(s) : LEDUCQ D., NDOYE F. T., CHARRIAU C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Phase change material for the thermal protection of ice cream during storage and transportation.

• Author(s) : LEDUCQ D., NDOYE F. T., ALVAREZ G.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 52
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of the frost formation and freeze protection with bypass for cross-flow recuperators.

• Author(s) : JEDLIKOWSKI A., ANISIMOV S.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 116

Investigation of two-phase refrigerant behavior upon cycle startup for compressor protection in microgravity applications.

• Author(s) : BECK P. E., BRENDEL L. P. M., ORE J. P., BRAUN J. E., GROLL E. A.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

The effects of external corrosion protection methods on the thermal-hydraulic performance of aluminum microchannel heat exchangers.

• Author(s) : WANG Y., ZHAO H., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Energy conservation and environmental protection evaluation of river water-source heat pump district cooling and heating systems.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG J., SUN H.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 292
• Formats : PDF

Risparmia energia e proteggi l'ambiente con le soluzioni a CO2. L'esperienza con la CO2 nel retail alimentare, la refrigerazione commerciale e industriale.

Save energy and protect the environment with CO2 solutions. Experience with CO2 in food retail, commercial and industrial refrigeration.

• Author(s) : DELLA RAGIONE M., CAVALLINI A.
• Publication date: 2017
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 41 - n.408
• Formats : PDF

2004 Climate Protection Award

Since 1998, the Climate Protection Award is awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of achievements in protecting the Earth's climate. On April 13, 2004, this award was presented to 12 international individuals and...

• Publication date : 2004/05/25

US Environmental Protection Agency

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing new Energy Star requirements - effective as of January 1, 2010 - for commercial refrigerators and freezers, which, on average, will be 33% more energy efficient than standard models. Under...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

The US Environmental Protection Agency

- The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made available to the public for comment information concerning the current and projected use of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b. EPA foresees using this information in the future when developing regulations....

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

US Environmental Protection Agency raises its Energy Star standards

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has revised its Energy Star requirements for domestic refrigerators and freezers, raising the bar for energy efficiency in these products and for the first time encouraging manufacturers to include optional...

• Publication date : 2013/09/05
• Subjects: Regulation

UNIDO rewards Midea’s efforts in environmental protection

Midea’s work on the use of propane (R290) in air conditioning has been recognized by UNIDO.

• Publication date : 2020/11/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Fluorocarbon producers join the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

On June 29, 2004, the fluorocarbon producers Atofina, DuPont, INEOS Fluor, Honeywell, Solvay and the JFMA, announced that they will provide 300 000 US dollars to help fund the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership, which includes...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

The French Health Protection Agency (InVS) warns against Legionella outbreaks

In an official statement dated July 2004, the French Health Protection Agency called for vigilance with regards to the risk of Legionella outbreaks during summer 2004. In 2003, 1044 legionella cases were recorded in France and 129 patients died....

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) updates its list of low GWP refrigerants

The US EPA has added new lower GWP refrigerants and expanded the acceptable uses of others in its latest changes to the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) programme.

• Publication date : 2017/08/24
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

European Union: new projections regarding CO2 emissions

A  report published on behalf of the European Partnership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE) by French research organizations ARMINES/ERIE at the end of 2011 reveals that CO2 eq. emissions from refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump...

• Publication date : 2012/04/17

Radiative cooling: protecting ice from melting under sunlight

Researchers have developed a biodegradable film made of cellulose acetate which, thanks to its radiative cooling properties, effectively protects ice subjected to solar radiation from melting, with possible...

• Publication date : 2022/03/30

Dry-ice blasting: an efficient way to clean food-production equipment

Continental Carbonic claims it has found a way to clean food-production equipment with less water and faster results than conventional methods

• Publication date : 2014/07/10

Refrigeration technologies help preserve biodiversity

The role of refrigeration in biodiversity protection is illustrated by two examples: the cryopreservation of coral larvae and the use of refrigeration to fight bee colony collapse.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29
• Subjects: Environment, General information

GL2012 highlights: latent cold thermal storage: the energetic benefits

In response to German climate protection goals, requiring 80-95 % cuts in CO2 emissions before 2050, Michael Kauffeld presented a paper on “The Energetic Benefit of Latent Cold Thermal Energy Storage” at the 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on...

• Publication date : 2012/11/20

USA: EPA proposes final phase-out schedule for R22

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently released its proposal for the final phase-out timeline of R22.

• Publication date : 2014/02/25
• Subjects: Regulation

EPA finalizes R22 phaseout plan

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced a final phase down schedule regarding production and importation of HCFC-22 refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18
• Subjects: Regulation

MOPIA joins the REAL Alternatives project

REAL Alternatives, the international programme for low GWP alternatives training for technicians, is delighted to announce that MOPIA, the Manitoba Ozone Protection Industry Association, has joined the...

• Publication date : 2021/03/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Cooling Keeps Food Fresh : Global Campaign Announced for World Refrigeration Day, June 26

Since 2019, June 26 celebrates the World Refrigeration Day. With increasing global stakes at hand over the past years, refrigeration took a leading role at the heart of international...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment

Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

UNEP events: the Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol: Celebrating 20 Years of Progress The Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will celebrate the 20th Anniversary of the signature of this landmark international treaty, which is widely...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

IGO meeting

The IIR is an intergovernmental organization based in Paris, like of course several agencies of the United Nations Organization or OECD, but also like other small specialized organizations: the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Save the Date – The 7th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place in April 2022

This international event will focus on sharing expertise on the cold chain with developing countries to address key UN sustainable development goals related to hunger, health, energy, education,...

• Publication date : 2021/06/28
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook

The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

Covering all fields of refrigeration, ICR 2019 is expected to surpass the success of previous congresses, and will be a unique opportunity for researchers and engineers from all over the world to meet, exchange and publish the results of their...

• Publication date : 2018/07/24

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 4

Today, at COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, high-level discussions continued as delegates, scientists, and policy leaders gathered with renewed urgency to protect the ozone layer and address climate...

• Publication date : 2024/10/31

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration ends June 28, 2018

The 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR 2019, will offer dynamic programme of quality technical, scientific and industry insights including technical tours and visits, networking opportunities, focused work meetings and...

• Publication date : 2018/06/13

Call for nominations: Scientific Prizes at ICR 2019

The call for nominations for the ICR 2019 Scientific Prizes has now been launched. The series of prestigious academic and scientific awards recognise those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of refrigeration or have completed...

• Publication date : 2018/03/28

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

Since 2007, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has conducted strategic discussions on its missions and services. This process began internally then took on board the outcomes of two surveys conducted at the beginning of this year...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.

• Publication date : 2018/07/20

Call for abstracts now open for ICR 2019

From August 24-30, 2019, birthplace to the Montreal Protocol signed in 1987, Montreal (Canada),will host the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration – ICR 2019.

• Publication date : 2018/01/16

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)