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I refrigeranti alternativi ad uso commerciale. La sostituzione dell'R22: 2015 refrigerante estinto.

Alternative refrigerants for commercial use. Replacing R22: a missing refrigerant in 2015.

• Author(s) : RAJENDRAN R.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : R1234yf, Generality, Commercial application, Ammonia, R22, Substitute, Propane, HFC, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n. 380
• Formats : PDF

Performance of R410A and R22 low GWP alternative refrigerants at elevated ambient temperatures.

• Author(s) : SCHULTZ K.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Air conditioner, Chiller, R22, Substitute, Performance, GWP, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluación de riesgos de los acondicionadores de aire R22 usando R290.

Risk assessment of R22 air conditioners using R290.

• Author(s) : COLBOURNE D., HUEHREN R., SUEN K. O.
• Publication date: 2018/02
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Safety, R290, R22, Flammability, Retrofitting, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 46 - n. 510
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low GWP R22 replacement for air conditioning in high ambient conditions.

• Author(s) : SETHI A., BECERRA E. V., YANA-MOTTA S. F., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, R407C, Low GWP, R22, Substitute, Performance, Middle East, Environment, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 57
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experiences in renewal of cold storage facilities from R22 to NH3/CO2 in Japan.

• Author(s) : KAWAMURA K.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, R744, Ammonia, R22, Cold storage, Energy saving, Secondary refrigerant, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on minichannel parallel flow condenser performance with R22, R410A and R407C.

• Author(s) : QI Z.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, R407C, R22, Performance, Expérimentation, Parallel flow, Refrigerant, Condenser
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 72
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical-based non-dimensional analysis of critical flow of R-12, R-22, and R-134a through horizontal capillary tubes.

• Author(s) : JAVIDMAND P., HOFFMANN K. A.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, R134a, Horizontal tube, Capillary tube, R22, R12
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 58
• Formats : PDF

Experimental Study on the flow condensation heat transfer of R290 and R22 in a horizontal circular minitube.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : XIAO H., LI J.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Heat transfer, R290, R22, Expérimentation, Flow, Condensation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 165
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparative analysis of the performance of an offset-strip fin heat exchanger as evaporator in a refrigeration system with R22 and R417A.

• Author(s) : DIZ R., FERNÁNDEZ-SEARA J., PARDIÑAS A. A.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Heat transfer, R22, Performance, R417a, Evaporator, Heat exchanger
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Artificial neural network method to predict the boiling heat transfer coefficient of alternative refrigerants of R22 inside the multiport mini-channel tube.

• Author(s) : AGUSTIARINI N., HOANG H. N., OH J. T.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R22, R32, R1234yf, Artificial neural network, Heat transfer coefficient, Minichannel, Tube, Expérimentation, Modelling, Substitute
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (Online). Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerant replacement of an ice flaker machine from R22 to a new alternative.

• Author(s) : AGUILO R. R.
• Publication date: 2017/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Argentina, R22, Fishing, Developing country, HFO, HFC, Retrofitting, HCFC
• Source: Sustainable management of refrigeration technologies in marine and off-shore fisheries sectors.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Boiling heat transfer performance of three internally enhanced tubes using R22.

• Author(s) : OUYANG X., CHEN J., LI T.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Tube, Heat transfer, R22, Performance, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Boiling
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Management guideline for the phase-out of refrigerant R22: impact and strategies for building owners, operators and maintainers.

• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Recommendation, Australia, R22, Substitute, Retrofitting, Refrigerant

Experimental study on condensation heat transfer of R32, R152a and R22 in horizontal minichannels.

• Author(s) : LIU N., LI J.
• Publication date: 2015/11/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, R32, R22, R152a, Expérimentation, Condensation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 90

IIR document

Thermodynamic performance of air conditioners working with R417A and R424A as alternatives to R22.

• Author(s) : ORUÇ V., DEVECIOGLU A. G.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Split system, Exergy, Air conditioner, R22, Substitute, Performance, COP, R417a
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 55
• Formats : PDF

EPA finalizes R22 phaseout plan

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced a final phase down schedule regarding production and importation of HCFC-22 refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18
• Subjects: Regulation

USA: EPA proposes final phase-out schedule for R22

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently released its proposal for the final phase-out timeline of R22.

• Publication date : 2014/02/25
• Subjects: Regulation

Toshiba offers rugby tickets for R22 survey.

Toshiba conducts market research on R22 systems within the UK and Ireland.

• Publication date : 2015/02/02

Replacement plan for R22 chillers at Canberra's Parliament.

Australia is committed to drastically phasing out HCFCs as from 2016.

• Publication date : 2015/10/15

What are the options for companies still using R22?

An article published in the British ACR Journal discusses the options available to companies still using R22 refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2017/05/05
• Subjects: Regulation

UK: 48% of pre-2004 air conditioners still on R22

A contractor’s survey of over 2,500 customers who bought air conditioners prior to 2004 found that nearly half of the systems are still operating on R22.

• Publication date : 2014/07/10

R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer

In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...

• Publication date : 2015/02/19

New hydrocarbon-based refrigerant option for replacing R22

RED TEK® 22a, a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant from Thermofluid Technologies, is a blend of environmentally safe hydrocarbon fluids designed as a direct replacement and retrofit refrigerant option for replacing R22 refrigerants in commercial...

• Publication date : 2011/06/08

Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia

East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country

R32, a short-term candidate to replace R22 in China?

HFC-32 attracted attention during ICR2011 in Prague: it was the subject of 12 papers. It is the main component of HFC-410A with which it shares similar thermodynamic properties, but at a lower price and with a lower GWP (675).

• Publication date : 2011/12/27

R290 units in Vietnam's cold stores delivering 20-25% efficiency gains over R22.

As part of a UNIDO project implemented in Vietnam, R290 units were installed in four companies to replace previous R22-based systems.

• Publication date : 2017/02/09

Costco to pay USD 335,000 for R22 leaks

In a settlement announced in September 2014 by the US EPA and Department of Justice, Costco Wholesale Corporation, the second largest US retailer, will have to pay USD 335,000 in penalties and to improve refrigerant management at 274 stores.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19

Briefs: Middle East - DuPont expresses anger over counterfeit R22 and R134a refrigerants

DuPont has set up a task force to help local authorities deal with refrigerant counterfeits in the Middle East, it claims are potentially harmful. Pascal Faidy, business manager at DuPont Fluorochemical Refrigerants, claims they were dangerous for...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

R410A/R22 alternatives for AC in high-ambient temperature environments: R32 and R290

The final US Oak Ridge National Laboratory report – presented during MOP27 in Dubaï – compares the performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants to HFC R410A in mini-split air conditioners (ACs) under high-ambient-temperature conditions.

• Publication date : 2016/05/11

Performance of R32 and R290 as alternatives to R22 and R410A in domestic air conditioning

According to the authors, regardless of the capacity difference, R290 could be considered as the most appropriate substitute in air conditioners with small finned tube heat exchangers

• Publication date : 2014/09/25

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2

• Publication date : 2015/05/22

Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

• Publication date : 2015/07/01

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams