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IIR document
Energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) analysis of a compound ejector-heat pump with low GWP refrigerants for simultaneous data center cooling and district heating.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Outdoor condensing units Handling the low-GWP refrigerants including R448A and R449A
Evaporation heat transfer of the low GWP alternative refrigerants (R-448A, R-449A, R-455A, R-454C) for R-404A in a microfin tube.
Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of low GWP R-404A alternative refrigerants (R-448A, R-449A, R-455A, R-454C) in a 5.6 mm inner diameter horizontal smooth tube.
Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of low GWP R-404A-alternative refrigerants (R-448A, R-449A, R-455A, R-454C) in a 7.0-mm outer-diameter horizontal microfin tube.
Sustitución del R404A en un sistema de refrigeración de media y baja temperatura mediante ciclos de compresión paralela con el R-449A.
Substitution of R404A in a medium and low temperature refrigeration system using parallel compression cycles with R-449A.
The two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of r448a inside multiport mini-channel tube.
Evaluation of cycle performance of R448A and R449A as R404A replacements in supermarket refrigeration systems.
Flow boiling heat transfer of zeotropic mixture refrigerants R454B and R449A in a smooth horizontal tube.
Low-GWP alternatives for an R-449A commercial refrigeration system.
Operation parameters of a walk-in cooler after retrofiting R404A with R448A.
Study of R-404A and R-448A refrigerants in low temperature refrigeration of electronics.
Field measurements of a R404A low-temperature supermarket refrigeration system retrofitted with R449A.
Retrofit of lower GWP alternative R449A into an existing R404A indirect supermarket refrigeration system.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
65 results
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
Summary of two papers of the 9th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants (ICCC2017)
The IIR 9th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants (ICCC2017), which took place in Bratislava, Slovakia, in September 2017, addressed advances in compressors but also refrigerating technologies and alternative refrigerants, as...
US to ban high-GWP refrigerants
A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...
A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store
The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.
Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China
For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a refrigerant, and four use R449A.
Member news: Carrier Transicold to offer R452A in the United States
Carrier Transicold proposes R452A as an alternative to R404A for refrigerated hauliers in the USA.
GHG emissions in international marine shipping.
GHG emissions from international shipping increased by 9.6% between 2012 and 2018, according to the Fourth Greenhouse Gas Study published in 2020 by the International Maritime Organization. HFC and HCFC...
IIR news
6 results
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
New IIR conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants
From September 2 to 5, 2018 in Birmingham (UK), the Institute of Refrigeration (IOR) will host the inaugural IIR International Conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants.
IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility
After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE
A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
