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IIR document

Measurements of pρTx and specific heat capacity cv for (R290 + R1243zf) binary mixtures at temperatures from (292 to 350) K and pressures up to 11 MPa.

• Author(s) : SHENG B., DONG X., ZHAO Y., LI Z., YAN H., ZHONG Q., WANG J., GONG M., SHEN J.
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages :
• Keywords : R290, Propane, R1234zf, Thermodynamic property, Temperature, Pressure, Heat capacity, Expérimentation, Mixture
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

Specific heat of Teflon, Torlon 4203 and Torlon 4301 in the range of 30-400 mK.

• Author(s) : SINGH V., GARAI A., MATHIMALAR S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Measurement, Low temperature, Teflon, Specific heat
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 67

IIR document

Specific design of a heat exchanger for a functional magnetic refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : CHAUDRON J. B., ELOUAD L., MULLER C., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Regenerator, Cooling, Heat pump, Magnetism, Heat exchanger
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

An inverse method to estimate bulk density and specific heat of cereal grains during heat pump drying.

• Author(s) : EBRAHIMIFAKHAR A., YUILL D.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cereal, Drying, Heat pump, Bulk, Preservation, Nutritional value, Microbiological quality, Thermodynamic property, Measurement
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

On the best coefficient of performance and specific heating or cooling power combination for adsorption refrigerators and heat pumps.

• Author(s) : COSTA V. A. F., DIAS J. M. S.
• Publication date: 2023/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerator, Heat pump, Adsorption system, COP, Cooling capacity, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 152
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Authentic form and origin of a popular predictive equation for specific heat capacity of unfrozen foods.

• Author(s) : FIKIIN K.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Freezing, Frozen food, Equation of state, Heat capacity, Thermodynamic property, History
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 126
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Direct measurements of the magnetocaloric effect.

• Author(s) : NIELSEN K. K., BAHL C. R. H., BEZ H. N., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Measurement, Magnetic property, Material, Entropy, Magnetocaloric effect, Magnetic field, Specific heat
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improving specific power consumption of cryogenic air separation plants using waste heat of carbon capture power plants.

• Author(s) : SINGLA R., CHOWDHURY K.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Oxygen, Nitrogen, Exergy, Carbon capture, Air, Simulation, Separation, Cryogenics, Waste heat
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal hysteresis in La(Fe,Mn,Si)13-H alloys.

• Author(s) : BASSO V., KUEPFERLING M., CURCIO C., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Manganese, Lanthanum, Silicon, Magnetic property, Material, Iron, Expérimentation, Entropy, Magnetocaloric effect, Specific heat
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Quantifying the influence of nature-based solutions on building cooling and heating energy demand: A climate specific review.

• Author(s) : HE Q., TAPIA F. , REITH A.
• Publication date: 2023/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy saving, Energy efficiency, Green building, Passive cooling, Heating, Climate, Shading
• Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews - vol. 186
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

CFD simulation and experimental validation of PCM thermal energy storage system for micro trigeneration system application.

• Author(s) : CHAND SAINI M., JAKHAR O. P.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal energy storage, Trigeneration, Thermal conductivity, Specific heat, CFD, Simulation, Modelling, PCM, Test rig, Expérimentation, Latent heat
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 149
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on thermo-physical properties of aqueous suspension of nanoencapsulated phase change materials.

• Author(s) : WANG J., JIA L., CHEN Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Suspension, Nanotechnology, Heat capacity, Stability, PCM, Miniaturization, Expérimentation, Encapsulation, Cryogenics
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Description of a differential setup for relaxation microcalorimetry.

• Author(s) : LEITÃO J. V., DOMMELEN P. van, NAASTEPAD F., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat capacity, Calorimetry, Measurement, Magnetocaloric cooling, Magnetic property, Material, Magnetism, Expérimentation, Magnetic field
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 37 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaluation of thermophysical properties of ethyl alcohol based secondary fluids.

• Author(s) : IGNATOWICZ M., MELINDER Å., PALM B.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Alternative formate salts as low temperature secondary fluids.

• Author(s) : IGNATOWICZ M., MELINDER Å., PALM B.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Impact of indoor heat on mortality in the elderly

A team of researchers has developed a model to assess the impact of indoor heat on the health status of populations, and more specifically on the mortality of people over 65 years of age. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/28

Cool like a butterfly wing

New study demonstrates that butterfly wings contain a network of living cells with specific thermodynamic and thermoregulatory properties. Butterfly wings cool down as a result of low solar absorption combined with efficient radiative heat...

• Publication date : 2020/02/28

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Earth-to-air heat exchanger for air conditioning in a Colombian tropical weather

In a recent theoretical study, a passive cooling system using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) was modelled for the Colombian tropical weather.

• Publication date : 2021/08/02
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Sorption chillers

Sorption chiller technology is rapidly developing, especially that using solar energy. - As highlighted by Jacob and Kohlenbach* during the latest IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids in Sydney, in Europe, numerous new...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Canadian government

The Canadian government recently proposed a set of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for homes and industrial products including large air-conditioning systems, commercial air-conditioning systems, room air conditioners, portable air...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Out of ordinary: Cool Olympics

During the Beijing Olympic Games held in Beijing in August 2008, a number of athletes benefited from cooling technology. Concerned about the high temperatures usually encountered in Beijing in summer, several teams turned to cooling technology....

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

AC Market in Europe

According to Daikin Industries Ltd., the European air-conditioning (AC) market has features that could appear as commercial obstacles, including relatively mild climate, even in Mediterranean areas. Concern for cityscape issues leads to resistance...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Brief: R-723

The new natural refrigerant blend R-723 presents the same advantages as ammonia (i.e. high specific evaporation heat and insignifigant GWP) and offers further benefits: it can be used in copper systems and offers full mineral oil solubility. R-723...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Briefs: AC on board ships

Oasis of the Seas, the world¡¯s largest cruise liner, recently left Florida on its first public voyage. It can carry over 6000 passengers and 2300 staff. The Oasis of the Seas was built in Finland at a cost of GBP 800 million, making it the most...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

US HVACR sector news

- According to the US Department of Labor (DOL), Bureau of Labor Statistics, heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanics and installers held about 249 000 jobs in 2002 in the US. This sector has the fastest expected growth rate in the...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

Energy savings in display cabinets

Several new developments make it possible to save energy in display cabinets. - Optimizing air curtain velocity A team at the Air Curtain Research Laboratory at Kettering University in Michigan, US, has modellized the air flow in air curtains and...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Green roofs can reduce cooling demand in warm climate zones

The impact of green roofs on building energy performance was assessed in 15 climate zones. In most regions, the reduction in energy demand for cooling was greater than for...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24
• Subjects: Technology

Performance test results of alternative low-GWP refrigerants to R410A

Emerson Climate Technologies has published the results of drop-in tests of new low GWP refrigerants, L41b and DR5, in a R410A scroll compressor.

• Publication date : 2014/06/18

A technical day to present the evolutions of the Certicold Pharma label

On March 22, 2017, the CEMAFROID group gathered health stakeholders for a technical day dedicated to the Certicold Pharma label.

• Publication date : 2017/04/10
• Subjects: Regulation

New IIR publications: Properties of Secondary Working Fluids for Indirect Systems

This expanded 2nd edition responds to rising use of secondary refrigerant systems used in many applications. It comprises comprehensive data on a number of aqueous solutions of ethylene and propylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, ammonia, chlorides...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

New IIR publication: Compendium

The Food Research Institute of Prague and the IIR have co-published a compendium entitled "Thermophysical Properties of Food: Selected Fruits and Vegetables". This book presents a critical literature review of data on the freezing point, density,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

The IJR is the most important scientific journal in the field of refrigeration technology. It is a co-publication of Elsevier and the IIR. Eight issues are published each year, with over 15 articles per issue. Certain issues are totally or...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

Call for papers: 2014 International Sorption Heat Pump Conference

ISHPC 2014 extends abstract deadline until September 13, 2013

• Publication date : 2013/09/03

ELICiT: A great success at ThermagVII

At the occasion of Thermag VII conference held in Turin, Italy, attended by approximately 200 delegates of which more than 70 came from companies, the IIR organised, coordinated and facilitated the last ELICiT workshop held on September 14th 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/11/29

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

What do refrigeration, air conditioning and social media have in common? A lot!

In 2014, an awareness raising social media campaign by Stephen Gill praising the too often overlooked virtues and benefits of refrigeration caused quite a stir, going viral.

• Publication date : 2015/07/21

The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!

In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...

• Publication date : 2015/09/16

Activities of IIR’s Commission B1 on “Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes”

Thermodynamics is essential for all topics covered by the IIR.

• Publication date : 2017/02/23

HARFKO 2015: More successful than ever welcomes UNEP Ozone2Climate Roundtable & Roadshow

Last week the IIR was delighted to participate in the 13th Heating, Air-conditioning, Refrigeration & Fluid Exhibition – KOREA (HARFKO 2015).

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

Discover the 30th Informatory Note on Heat-Sensitive Health Products

In this Informatory Note, the IIR has defined the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure that reliable cold chains, along the distribution chain of products essential to public health, are put in place.

• Publication date : 2016/01/13

IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together

ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2015/06/17

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs