Share

IIR document

Natural or synthetic refrigerants – what options for high temperature heat pumps?

Number: pap. n. 70

Author(s) : LARMINAT P. de, ARNOU D.

Summary

This article deals with high temperature heat pumps, used for leaving hot water temperature above 70°C. It presents some key figures about the physical and thermodynamic properties of various fluids options, with theoretical cycle calculations in different sub-critical cycle configurations. Comparisons in COP are presented at various temperature levels for the different fluids. Specific features of the fluids are emphasized that have an impact on the best way to implement them. The comparison includes ammonia, water vapor and isobutane, plus several HFC’s and HFO’s. The environmental properties are taken in consideration, through TEWI comparisons between the fluids. Some technological evolutions of equipments to implement the different fluids are also presented. When properly implemented for the right applications, some of the natural refrigerants are very attractive for high temperature heat pumps. In conclusion, an overall picture is presented including the aspects of energy efficiency, environmental performance, safety and technology issues. Using a new generation of very high pressure compressors initially developed for CO2, ammonia will certainly have a bright future for heat pumps with hot water outlet temperature up to about 90°C. Water vapor might turn out being quite an attractive outsider in the temperature range up to about 140°C, depending on the outcome of the ongoing developments still at an early stage. Yet, some synthetic fluids remain very interesting. Among these, HFC- 245fa is currently a good candidate up to about 120°C, with HFO substitutes possibly coming later.

Available documents

Format PDF

Pages: 8 p.

Available

  • Public price

    20 €

  • Member price*

    Free

* Best rate depending on membership category (see the detailed benefits of individual and corporate memberships).

Details

  • Original title: Natural or synthetic refrigerants – what options for high temperature heat pumps?
  • Record ID : 30004637
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: HFCs alternatives
  • Source: 10th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2012). Proceedings. Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, 2012.
  • Publication date: 2012/06/25

Links


See other articles from the proceedings (142)
See the conference proceedings

Indexing