Search results

Riduzione degli HCFC e HFC senza aumentare le emissioni di gas ad effetto serra.

HCFC and HFC's reduction without increasing the greenhouse gas emissions.

• Author(s) : COULOMB D.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Regulations, HCFC, Recommendation, HFC, GWP, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 39 - n.389
• Formats : PDF

Panoramica delle normative che limitano l’uso degli HFC. Focus sulla Regolamentazione Europea sui Gas Fluorurati.

Overview of Regulations Restricting HFC Use, Focus on the EU F-Gas Regulation.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Regulations, European Union, Review, World, HFC, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 39 - n. 385
• Formats : PDF

The NOAA annual greenhouse gas index

• Publication date: N/A
• Languages :
• Keywords : Measurement, Atmosphere, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Climate, World
• Formats : PDF

Teorijska komparativna studija slucaja: modernizacija u kojoj se koriste ugljovodonici, DME (dimetil-etar) i njihove mešavine kao alternative HFC-u

Theoretical comparative study case, hydrocarbons, DME and HFC mixture alternatives retrofit.

• Author(s) : TARLEA G., VINCERIUC M.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : TEWI, Natural refrigerant, Substitute, Heat pump, Mixture, Hydrocarbon, HFC, GWP, Retrofitting, Refrigerant, DME
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

Les alternatives aux HFC à fort GWP.

High GWP HFC alternatives.

• Author(s) : HEYNDRICKX F.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : R410A, Generality, R744, Ammonia, R404A, R22, Substitute, Hydrocarbon, HFC, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 104 - n. 1154

Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations.

• Author(s) : O'DOHERTY S., RIGBY M., MÜHLE J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Radiation, R143a, Atmosphere, R32, HFC, Expérimentation, Leakage, Refrigerant
• Source: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - vol.14

IIR document

Saturated liquid density for ethyl fluoride (HFC-161).

• Author(s) : LIU Y., HE X., ZHAO X.
• Publication date: 2020/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HFC, Density, R161, Isobutane, Measurement, Saturation, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 111
• Formats : PDF

The effect of lubricant in HFC & HFO blend refrigerants.

• Author(s) : CHEN Y. K., HUNG J-T., TANG H-H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solubility, Lubricant, Miscibility, Mixture, HFO, HFC, Testing, Compressor
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Overview of HFC market sectors. Fact Sheet 2.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Industrial application, Consumption, Commercial application, Substitute, World, Market, HFC, Refrigerant

Visión general de normas que restringen el uso de HFC. Enfoque del reglamento de la UE sobre gases fluorados (F-Gas). 26a Nota Informativa del Instituto Internacional del Frío sobre Tecnología de Refrigeración.

Overview of Regulations Restricting HFC Use. Focus on the EU F-Gas Regulation. 26th IIR Note on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Regulations, European Union, Review, World, HFC, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Measurement and modelling of the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide mixtures with HFO-1234yf, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFC-32: vapour-liquid equilibrium, density, and heat capacity.

• Author(s) : ARAMI NIYA A., XIAO X., AL GHAFRI S. Z. S., JIAO F., KHAMPHASITH M., SADEGHI POUYA E., SADAGHIANI M. S., YANG X., TSUJI T., TANAKA Y., SEIKI Y., MAY E. F.
• Publication date: 2020/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HFC, HFO, Mixture, CO2, Thermodynamic property, Density, Heat capacity, Modelling, Expérimentation, R744
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 118
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties and critical parameters of HFO-1123 and its binary blends with HFC-32 and HFC-134a using molecular simulations.

• Author(s) : ALAM M. S., JEONG J. H.
• Publication date: 2019/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Measurement, R32, , Thermodynamic property, Simulation, Critical point, Binary mixture, HFO, HFC
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 104
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison between HFCs and HFO/HFC blends in a commercial heat pump.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Comparison, Commercial application, Drop-in, R32, Heat pump, Performance, Mixture, HFO, HFC, Testing
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison between HFCs and HFC/HFO blends in a commercial heat pump.

• Author(s) : LAWTON A. R., RHODES C.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Comparison, Commercial application, Drop-in, R32, Heat pump, Performance, Mixture, HFO, HFC, Testing
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of friction and wear on PVE refrigeration lubricants for HFC refrigerants.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO T., KANEKO M., KAWAGUCHI Y.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Solubility, Friction, Measurement, Lubricant, Wear, Stability, Miscibility, HFC, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

HFC regulation

The United States continues to legislate on HFCs. India, El Salvador and Serbia ratify the Kigali Amendment. 

• Publication date : 2021/10/25

Unreported HFC-23 emissions

A report published in Geophysical Research Letters says that Western Europe's emissions of HFC-23 are around twice as high as the officially reported level within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol.

• Publication date : 2011/12/15

HFC emissions data

By using atmospheric measurements, the authors of a recent study published in the PNAS have found that the total CO2-equivalent emissions of the five most common HFCs increased from 198 (175–221) Tg-CO2-eq·y–1 in 2007 to 275 (246–304)...

• Publication date : 2015/08/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

EU: High-GWP HFC shortages and price rises

Several refrigeration associations in the EU have warned of severe refrigerant supply problems in their countries.

• Publication date : 2018/03/21
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

HFC consumption in Bangladesh

According to a UNEP document published in June 2017, the HFC consumption in Bangladesh was of 810.68 metric tonnes, including 94.5% of R134a.

• Publication date : 2017/10/20
• Subjects: Developing country, HFCs alternatives

Refrigerant news: tax on HFC

In Denmark, the tax on HFC refrigerants was increased recently. This tax, which is directly proportional to the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the refrigerant, now represents 20 € per kg of refrigerant for a GWP of 1000. As an example, for...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Briefs: HFC-free refrigeration, naturally

Three more companies have joined Refrigerants, Naturally!, a unique public-private partnership that promotes HFC-free refrigeration technologies that protect the Earth's climate and ozone layer for "point-of-sale" applications. The founding...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Australia announces HFC phase-down.

Australia goes further than the Kigali deal and announces a 85% phase-down target before 2036.

• Publication date : 2017/01/16
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Review of CFC and HFC-free refrigerators worldwide

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegerate GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/10

Brief: ARI call for HFC regulations

The vice-president of engineering and research at the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), Mark Menzer, (also the US delegate to the IIR), stated during the ARI Spring meeting that ARI would like the US Environmental Protection...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Status of HFC taxes in Europe

Four countries (Denmark, Norway, Slovenia and Spain) have now implemented an HFC tax and 3 other countries (France, Poland and Sweden) are considering implementation of such a tax.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Jordan looks to curb HFC emissions

The Jordan Ministry of Environment will start identifying sectors producing short-lived climate pollutants including HFCs.

• Publication date : 2015/06/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Increase of HFC refrigerants' price in Europe.

Several manufacturers have announced a price increase for HFC refrigerants in Europe.

• Publication date : 2014/12/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

HFC phase down in New Zealand

The government of New Zealand recently published a consultation document listing the steps required to ratify the Kigali Amendment.

• Publication date : 2017/08/18
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Canada and Mexico HFC policy strategy

During ATMOsphere America in Chicago in June 2016, Canadian and Mexican government representatives presented their HFC phase-down strategies.

• Publication date : 2016/08/05
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Discover what’s new on HFCs

The IIR expands its information services in HFCs

• Publication date : 2015/11/11
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs

Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: Environment

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

IIR member news: AFCE and Cemafroid

Thanks to the support of AFCE (IIR member), ADEME and UNICLIMA, EReIE, Armines and Cemafroid (IIR member) have prepared a study on alternatives to high-GWP HFCs in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications.

• Publication date : 2014/02/13
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IIR member news: AFCE

The AFCE published an explanatory document of the F-Gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2014/12/01
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

International events: HCFCs

A national conference on HCFCs took place in Algiers, Algeria, on March 18, 2008, organized by Mr Ahmed Chikouche, Delegate of Algeria to the IIR, in order to raise the awareness of decision-makers and to discuss HCFC replacement solutions in...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE

A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.

• Publication date : 2015/10/07

Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions

This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

The IIR participated in the South African Road Show

The Department of Environmental affairs of the Republic of South Africa (DEA), in collaboration with UNIDO, organised a Road Show in South Africa on June 11-22, 2018.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation, HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE achievements!

After 3 years of hard work, the REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE consortium is pleased to announce the achievements of this European funded project to develop an EU-wide training on alternative low GPW...

• Publication date : 2020/06/29
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 28

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-28) in Kigali...

• Publication date : 2020/03/29
• Subjects: Developing country, Regulation, Environment

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Environment

OEWG36: Tough week of negotiations, no agreement except possible additional meetings

OEWG 36 spent much of its time focusing on moving the discussion on HFCs management forward.

• Publication date : 2015/07/29
• Subjects: Regulation

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!

The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!  

• Publication date : 2022/09/08
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs