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IIR document
Numerical analysis of a near-room-temperature magnetic cooling system.
Modeling and analysis of an ammonia–water absorption refrigeration system utilizing waste heat with large temperature span.
Performance measurements on a large-scale magnetocaloric cooling application at room temperature.
Small-scale phase change materials in low-temperature applications: a review.
Thermo-economic analysis of absorption-compression hybrid cooling systems with parallel subcooling and recooling for small scale low-grade heat source and low temperature application.
HFO-1336mzz(Z) and HCFO-1233zd(E) as alternatives to HFC-245fa in organic Rankine cycles for micro-scale low temperature applications.
COMPARAISON DE L'ECHELLE DEFINIE PAR UN THERMOMETRE A BRUIT AVEC L'ECHELLE DE TEMPERATURE MAGNETIQUE, DANS LE DOMAINE 1,2-7 K.
COMPARISON OF THE NOISE TEMPERATURE AND THE MAGNETIC TEMPERATURE SCALES IN THE RANGE 1.2-7 K.
Recent progress with the Metrology Institute "G. Colonnetti" helium 3 gas thermometer.
A study on cognitive temperature scale with thermal discomfort of elementary students in summer in Sapporo and Kumamoto.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TEMPERATURE SCALE OF 1990 BELOW 273.16 K AT IMGC.
Distribution of temperature, relative humidity and flow rate within a scaled container using unforced and forced airflows.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
38 results
LNG cold energy recovery for salmon aquaculture
A team of Korean researchersis proposing a novel application of LNG cold energy recovery for aquaculture.
China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand
In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
Road to COP28. Extending the temperature range and application for heat pumps
To promote decarbonation, “high temperature heat pumps should be designed using waste heat and renewables as a driving energy, and environmentally friendly working fluids”, according...
For IIR members only
World Energy Outlook 2024: cooling drives electricity demand, especially in developing countries
In its latest report, the IEA predicts that residential air conditioning will require an extra 700 TWh of electricity by 2035, more than three times the extra demand from computer...
Higher AC setting temperatures to reduce thermal discomfort and energy demand in warm countries
Using data from four cities in India, Philippines, and Thailand, a recent study found that occupants experience thermal discomfort from unnecessarily low air conditioning (AC) temperature settings. Warmer indoor...
Caloric cooling: state of the art and perspectives
A recent IJR article reviews the most significant results obtained over the past ten years in the field of magnetocaloric cooling and more recently in the field of electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling. It also presents the...
German researchers approach absolute zero
Physicists at the University of Bremen, Germany have produced the lowest temperature ever recorded, at 38 picoKelvin, which is 38 trillionths of a degree above absolute zero.
Asia: record temperatures in April increase cooling demand
In April 2023, hotter-than-average temperatures have been recorded in Asia, affecting electricity and cooling demand.
Next generation of working pairs in absorption heat pumps
The history and latest developments in working pairs for absorption heat pumps were discussed in a recent review article.
Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling
In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe
To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...
The sharp increase in refrigeration needs should be better reflected in public policies
Recently released degree-day indicators confirm the steady progression of cooling needs compared to heating in the EU. Globally, energy consumption from refrigeration (including air...
Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications
An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...
Isochoric freezing could cut down energy use in the global food cold chain
Compared to conventional isobaric freezing, isochoric freezing could significantly improve the quality of frozen food and generate substantial energy savings.
Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets
Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...
IIR news
19 results
The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine
Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...
ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges
With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...
The IIR at the heart of magnetic refrigeration
Magnetic refrigeration technology proves more alluring than ever: conferences, workshops and research projects continue to make waves.
IIR Seminar in Tunis brings to the forefront the social and economic strategic importance of the cold chain
Recognising the social and economic importance of this issue on a global scale, the IIR organised a seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries on October 25, 2016 in Tunis (Tunisia),...
IC2015 Workshops: An opportunity to join, share and build together
ICR2015: A chance to actively participate in the innovation of refrigeration.
Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector
In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...
Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers
Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology.
ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”
The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda.
Upcoming IIR Conferences & Events
Are you planning to attend a refrigeration event? Find out what’s planned.
Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration Publishes an Informatory Note on The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change
In line with its corporate objective to promote knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has published a new Informatory Note on “The Impact of...
Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.
The Norwegian Royal Ambassy visit to INDEE+ educational unit in IIT Madras
To acknowledge the efforts of INDEE+, the Norwegian Ambassador Hans Jacob Frydenlund, Arvind Gopinath (Honorary Consul), Ms. Marit Marie Strand (Advisor), Mr. Vivek (Senior Advisor) and other team members...
Highlight from COP13/MOP36 - Day 1
At a side event during COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, IIR and Cool Up Programme convened global leaders to address challenges in energy-efficient refrigeration and cooling. Discussions focused on reducing emissions,...
World Refrigeration Day 2020
World Refrigeration Day 2020: Contribute to the promotion and raising awareness of the HVACR sector
Highlights: the 25th IIR Congress 2019 brings together over 850 delegates
The congress attracted over 650 papers, including 530 oral presentations, 72 posters, 17 keynotes and 1 plenary session, as well as 9 workshops, 10 IIR Commission and Working Group meetings, and 4 technical tours.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
