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IIR document
Research on similarity characteristics of critical states transferring of adjustable ejector.
Numerical modeling of critical-state magnetization in type-II superconducting cylinders under parallel and transverse magnetic field.
Critical heat balance error for heat exchanger experiment based on entropy generation method.
Measurements of PvT properties, saturated densities, and critical parameters of R1132(E).
Measurements of saturated densities and critical parameters for the binary mixture of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf)+difluoromethane (R-32).
Potato storage: need, present scenario, emerging technologies and future strategies. A critical appraisal.
Effects of internal diameter and working fluid on internal flow patterns of closed-end oscillating heat pipes at critical state.
TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER TO SUPERCRITICAL HELIUM: A NUMERICAL STUDY.
An overview of heat transfer near the liquid-gas critical point under the influence of the piston effect: phenomena and theory.
Ebullitión libre nucleada, ebullición pelicular y convección libre monofásica a presiones próximas al estado crítico. IA. Transmisión integral de calor de la superficie externa de cilindros horizontales de cobre a refrigerantes en ebullición nucleada y pelicular.
Nucleate pool boiling, film boiling and single-phase free convection at pressures up to the critical state. IA. Integral heat transfer from the outer surface of horizontal copper cylinders with refrigerants in nucleate and film boiling.
Nucleate pool boiling, film boiling and single-phase free convection at pressures up to the critical state. I. Integral heat transfer for horizontal copper cylinders.
BURNOUT HEAT TRANSFER TO SF6-R13B1 MIXTURES AT NEAR-CRITICAL SATURATION PRESSURES.
Ebullitión libre nucleada, ebullición pelicular y convección libre monofásica a presiones próximas al estado crítico. IB. Transmisión integral de calor de la superficie externa de cilindros horizontales de cobre a refrigerantes en convección libre monofásica y comparación con ebullición nucleada y pelicular.
Nucleate pool boiling, film boiling and single-phase free convection at pressures up to the critical state. IB. Integral heat transfer from the outer surface of horizontal copper cylinders in single-phased free convection and comparison with nucleate and film boiling.
Trans-critical vapour compression heat pumps.
Use of CO2 in commercial refrigeration: an energy-efficient solution.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
14 results
Penetration of transcritical CO2 continues to increase
In Europe, North America and Japan, the number of transcritical CO2 installations continues to increase significantly in commercial and industrial refrigeration.
IIR 2023 conference in Ohrid: focus on CO2 heat pumps
As demonstrated at the last IIR conference in Ohrid , heat pumps are a potential development area for the use of CO2, in particular for the thermal management of electric vehicles.
Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America
Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas.
Growing uptake of natural refrigerants in commercial refrigeration
A recent report estimates the number of commercial refrigeration systems using R744 (CO2) or hydrocarbons in Europe and worldwide.
IIR GL2020 conference: Range of CO2 applications
Almost half of the presentations at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference in Kyoto focused on CO2, in commercial refrigeration systems but also in many other applications. Overview of these...
US : increasing use of CO2 and propane in commercial refrigeration
As a result of regulations aimed at limiting the use of HFCs, the use of CO2 and propane as refrigerants in supermarkets in the United States is experiencing a steady growth.
Challenges for post-pandemic food cold chain
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several shortcomings in the global food cold chain. In the aftermath of the pandemic, investment in the cold chain is necessary to maximise access to food and reduce waste....
Faults and energy consumption of CO2 refrigeration systems in supermarkets
Food products refrigeration accounts for the largest share of energy consumption in supermarkets. In a recent study, the most common faults in supermarket CO2 refrigeration systems were investigated,...
Is an ‘isochoric freezing’ revolution really in the offing?
Comparing isochoric freezing to classical isobaric freezing and new terminology proposal based on the conclusions of a group of IIR experts.
Cryogenic carbon capture technologies
Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...
Cold storage: sustainable solutions for developing countries with hot climates
Two papers from the recent IIR Congress illustrate the importance of developing the cold chain in developing countries with warm climates. In particular, in India, environmentally-friendly technical solutions...
Two-phase ejectors: a high potential for energy savings
Two review papers recently published in the IJR highlight ejectors as a promising solution to dramatically improve the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration systems and outline the challenges that...
A new non-flammable mixture to boost the performance of CO2 systems
In a recent IJR article, researchers propose combining R744 with Dimethyl-ether (DME) to boost system performance while ensuring safety and low environmental impact, in a recent IJR...
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)
Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.
IIR news
6 results
The IIR is taking part in standardization work for TTIIs in France
Gérald Cavalier, President of Section D of the IIR’s Science and Technology Council was appointed President of the new E18A Commission of AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation, the French Standardization Agency): “Cold chain control -...
INDEE+ at 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023), Kolkata, India
In February 2023, INDEE+ successfully participated to the 23rd India International Seafood Show (2023) in Kolkata. The project was jointly promoted in a technical session and at a dedicated booth.
Healthcare drones: Countless advantages for a healthier society
With the objective of making it possible for those who require urgent healthcare supplies delivered as often and as regularly as necessary, various companies are now pushing the possibilities of exploiting drones to deliver healthcare supplies...
New design for the IJR but still quality papers!
As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
Find out who are the top 10 most active countries on the IIR website!
Since its overhaul in 2020, traffic to the IIR website has doubled and it has seen a drastic increase in the number of visitors from least developed countries. Find out who have been the top 10 most active...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
4 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
