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IIR document

Scaling parameters between ammonia and water.

• Author(s) : SPINDLER K.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Heat transfer coefficient, R718, R717, Ammonia, Thermodynamic property, Modelling, Scaling, Boiling, Water
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis of a novel air source ammonia/water cascade heat pump for heating buildings in subarctic climate.

• Author(s) : HOSSEINNIA S. M., AMIRI L., PONCET S.
• Publication date: 2024/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R717, R718, Ammonia, Water, Heat pump, Heating, Cold climate, Cascade system, Air-source system, Natural refrigerant, Rotary compressor, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 164
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Natural Refrigerants: Applications and Practical Guidelines.

• Author(s) : ECKERT M., KAUFFELD M., SIEGISMUND V.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English, German
• Keywords : Ammonia, R744, CO2, R717, Hydrocarbon, Water, Natural refrigerant, Economy, Supermarket, Lubricant, Industrial application
• Formats : Website

IIR document

Modeling of an ammonia–water absorption heat pump water heater for residential applications.

• Author(s) : KEINATH C. M., GARIMELLA S., GARRABRANT M. A.
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Water heater, Ammonia-water, Absorption, Domestic heat pump, Heat pump, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 83
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Research on ejector-absorption ammonia-water heat pump cycle.

• Author(s) : LIANG Y., LI S.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Ammonia-water, Absorption, Heat pump, Ejector, COP
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A field survey of ammonia-water absorption heat pump performance.

• Author(s) : LAZZARIN R. M., NORO M.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia-water, Absorption, Heat pump, Survey, School
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic analysis of periodic operation ammonia-water absorption refrigeration units in atmospheric water generation systems.

• Author(s) : TITLOV A., OZOLIN M.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Refrigerating system, Calculation, Ammonia-water, Absorption system
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Design of compact microscale geometries for ammonia-water desorption.

• Author(s) : DELAHANTY J. C., GARIMELLA S., GARRABRANT M. A.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Geometry, Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Design, Ammonia-water, Desorption
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Natural refrigerants in heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : HU B., WU D., LIANG J., WANG R. Z.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Natural refrigerant, Review, Hydrocarbon, R717, R718, R744, R290, R600, R600a, R601, R1270, Ammonia, Water, CO2, Propane, Butane, Isobutane, Pentane
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Internal reversible ammonia air-to-water heat pump/chiller.

• Author(s) : NIELSEN G., RASMUSSEN C.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Reversibility, Chiller, Ammonia, Air-water, Heat pump, Norway
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Fast, stable computation of thermodynamic properties of ammonia-water mixtures.

• Author(s) : RATTNER A. S., GARIMELLA S.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia-water, Absorption system, Thermodynamic property, Zeotropic mixture
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 62
• Formats : PDF

Unutrašnja reverzibilna amonijacna toplotna pumpa vazduh-voda/hladnjak.

Internal reversible ammonia air-to-water heat pump/chiller.

• Author(s) : NIELSEN G., RASMUSSEN C.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : Serbian
• Keywords : Design, Ammonia-water, Air-water, Heat pump, Performance
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dynamic characteristics of an environment-friendly refrigerant: Ammonia-water based TiO2 nanofluids.

• Author(s) : YANG L., JIANG W., CHEN X., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Ammonia-water, Absorption, Nanofluid, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 82
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of ammonia/water and ammonia/salt mixture absorption cycles for refrigeration purposes in fishing ships.

• Author(s) : TÁBOAS F., BOUROUIS M., VALLÈS M.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ship, Lithium, Ammonia-water, Absorption, Simulation, Fish, Nitrate, Waste heat
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 66 - n. 1-2

IIR document

Thermodynamic analysis of an ammonia/water absorption–resorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : BERDASCO M., VALLÈS M., CORONAS A.
• Publication date: 2019/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Resorption system, Ammonia-water, Absorption system, Review, Pressure
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 103
• Formats : PDF

Latest research on ammonia-based absorption refrigeration systems

A recent article has reviewed literature on absorption chillers that use ammonia as a refrigerant, along with water (H2O), lithium nitrate (LiNO3), and lithium nitrate + water...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Technology

New energy-efficient way to make ammonia

The traditional way of manufacturing ammonia leaves a huge carbon footprint. An Australian team of researchers have found a cheaper and greener way to make ammonia from air, water, and renewable electricity....

• Publication date : 2021/02/08
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

Guide 2013: Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for North America

The new Guide 2013: Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for North America gives an overview of the status of ammonia, CO2, hydrocarbons, water and air as refrigerants in various sectors (food chain, city & buildings, transport, and industry...

• Publication date : 2013/05/06

Briefs: Sustainable fishery in Namibia

Since November 2009, Hangana Seafood has a new pre-sorting facility in Walvis Bay harbour, Namibia, which uses ammonia as a refrigerant. The 2800 m² sorting facility has a 0°C chill room for holding unsorted fish, two 16°C temperature-controlled...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

CO2 applications: First hospital catering facility refrigeration system to run with CO2 in the UK

A CO2 unit supplied by Green & Cool has been installed and commissioned by CCS Refrigeration, through Aggora on behalf of Medirest to provide for the on-site catering requirements of patients, restaurant and hospital staff at the Homerton...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Marine refrigeration

The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Briefs: A comeback for Einstein’s fridge?

Scientists at Oxford University have rebuilt one of Einstein's early inventions in an attempt to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity. They have built a prototype of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Compressors: key trends

Over the past few years, the design and performance of rotary, reciprocating positive displacement and dynamic compressors have been greatly improved. CO2 compressors have conquered new niches and twin-screw compressors are now increasingly used...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Sorption chillers

Sorption chiller technology is rapidly developing, especially that using solar energy. - As highlighted by Jacob and Kohlenbach* during the latest IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids in Sydney, in Europe, numerous new...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Briefs: A CO2 secondary refrigerant system to test icebreakers

Travelling through the North Pole's ice-capped seas could reduce sea transport distances between Hamburg and Osaka, Japan, or Shanghai, China, for instance, by more than 4000 nautical miles, thus allowing for great time and financial savings. The...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Alternative Cooling Technologies conference, London, 1st February 2005

This conference, which was co-sponsored by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and organised commercially by RAC magazine, was well attended with about 140 people present. It was arranged in five sessions. In the first session, speakers from UK...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Capturing CO2 thanks to refrigeration

Intensive research into capturing the CO2 created in fossil-fuel-based electricity production has been carried out for several years by Alstom. One of the technologies used is post-combustion separation using a solvent (amine or chilled ammonia)....

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Natural refrigerants in emerging countries: South Africa

South Africa is facing an energy shortage and a rise in electricity prices. Natural refrigerants, which have important energy saving potential, are now being introduced, especially in supermarkets. Here are 2 examples: . GTZ has offered technical...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Briefs: Optimized freight hub

A new temperature-controlled freight hub in Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, was opened by Hellmann Worldwide Logistics on March 12, 2009. "The facility has been predicated on environmental, efficiency and energy-conscious criteria...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

PCMs and ice slurries: PCMs: two recent applications

Phase-change materials (PCMs) can provide thermal storage which means that they can absorb thermal energy when they solidify and release it when they melt. This can be very useful to dampen temperature swings. PCMs are usually water-based and are...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

News from IIR members: Nestlé

Nestlé's confectionery production facility in Halifax, UK, has implemented an award-winning innovative ammonia heat pump plant to power its operations, cutting costs at the site by over 240 000 € per year. The system, formed by a collaborative...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Conference update: Sydney

The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia, on April 12-14, 2010. The call for papers and first announcement are now available:

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

A new book on natural refrigerants

The English version of a book by three German authors on the applications and practical recommendations of natural refrigerants has just been published by the IIR on its website. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!

The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.

• Publication date : 2022/05/16
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers 2022

Download one or all of the 170 technical papers from the 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants!

• Publication date : 2023/05/02
• Subjects: General information

Corporate members: news

- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

News from IIR members: Mayekawa

Watch 3 videos on Mayekawa’s Web site: one deals with Mayekawa’s vision and philosophy, another covers activities at its Moriya plant, and the third one presents Mayekawa’s viewpoints on HCFC phase-out.Jan Boone describes the emphasis placed...

• Publication date : 2012/04/24

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Activities of the IIR’s Commission B2 on Refrigerating Equipment

The IIR’s Commission B2, which includes 70 experts from 25 IIR member countries on all continents, is extremely active and participates in many IIR activities aimed at promoting knowledge of refrigeration technologies and their applications...

• Publication date : 2014/11/20

Gustav Lorentzen conference 2022

After two years of pandemic during which the conferences were either cancelled or held online, the IIR had the pleasure of organising a conference on site, in Norway. It was attended by 332 participants. The...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Another successful IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference 2016

Dedicated to natural refrigerants, mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, Gustav Lorentzen 2016 was a great success attracting over 270 people and more than 145 papers from leading international researchers and industrialists.

• Publication date : 2016/09/14

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids