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IIR document

Simple model of magnetocaloric cooling device based on heat capacity equations.

• Author(s) : LEWANDOWSKI D.
• Publication date: 2014/09/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat capacity, Magnetocaloric cooling, Regenerator, Cooling, Simulation, Model, Magnetism
• Source: 6^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VI). Proceedings: Victoria, Canada, September 7-10, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Cooling capacity control for multi-evaporator vapor compression systems.

• Author(s) : BURNS D. J., BORTOFF S. A.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vapour, Control (automatic), Cooling capacity, Performance, Evaporator, Compression
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Analysis of an internal structure for refrigerated container: Improving distribution of cooling capacity.

• Author(s) : JIANG T., XU N., LUO B., DENG L., WANG S., GAO Q., ZHANG Y.
• Publication date: 2020/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fruit, Cooling capacity, Modelling, Expérimentation, Container, Vegetable, Performance
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 113
• Formats : PDF

Theoretical calculation model and experimental validation of the radiant ceiling unit cooling capacity.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : YU G., JIA W., ZHAO Y.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Radiation, Cooling capacity, Prediction, Ceiling, Expérimentation, Air conditioning
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 156
• Formats : PDF

Experimental evaluation of system modifications to increase R1234ze(E) cooling capacity.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J., MENDOZA MIRANDA J. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Comparison, Low GWP, R1234ze, Cooling capacity, Performance, Expérimentation, Air conditioning, Heat exchanger, Compressor
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 111

Uso de múltiplos chillers por absorção para aumento da potência frigorífica de uma planta de cogeração com microturbina a gás.

Using sorption multi-chillers to increase a cogeneration plant cooling capacity with gas microturbine.

• Author(s) : GOMES DE OLIVEIRA R., DARABAS RON?ANI M., NORIEGA SANCHEZ C. J.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : Bromide, Ammonia, Cooling capacity, Sorption system, Sodium, Cogeneration
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development of novel air distributor for precise control of cooling capacity delivery in multi-compartment indirect cooling household refrigerators.

• Author(s) : LI Z., DING G., MIAO S., HAN X.
• Publication date: 2020/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Household refrigerator, Chilling, Food application, Indirect system, Cooling capacity, Air distribution, Expérimentation, Prototype
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 119
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

New approach for estimating the cooling capacity of the absorption and compression chillers in a trigeneration system.

• Author(s) : GHAFURIAN M. M., NIAZMAND H.
• Publication date: 2018/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Trigeneration, Exergy, Efficiency, Chiller, Absorption, Cooling capacity, Gas engine, Expérimentation, Compression
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 86
• Formats : PDF

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the cooling capacity distributions at the stages in the thermally-coupled two-stage Stirlingtype pulse tube cryocooler without external precooling.

• Author(s) : TAN J., DANG H.
• Publication date: 2017/01/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pulse tube, Cooling capacity, Modelling, Cryocooler, Stirling
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 82

IIR document

Cooling capacity demand-induced cooperative control strategy of variable evaporating temperature and superheat in a VRF system.

• Author(s) : CAO H., ZHUANG D., LEI J., DING G., HUANG Z., LI S., LI J., ZHANG H.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variable volume, Air conditioning, Modelling, Cooling capacity, Expérimentation, Thermal comfort, Energy efficiency
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Cooling and dehumidification capacity chart of surface air cooler for air conditioning units.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : SONG X., ZHU T., ZHUANG D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Dehumidification, Temperature, Air cooler, Cooling capacity, Humidity, Air conditioning, Thermal load, Psychrometric chart
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 299
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A practical calibration procedure for the balanced ambient room type calorimeter in testing the cooling capacity of room air conditioner.

• Author(s) : HANG C., ZHANG H., XU D., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat balance, Calorimeter, Calibration, Measurement, Air conditioner, Cooling capacity, Model, Leakage
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental verification of a Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler with a cooling capacity of 700 W at 77 K.

• Author(s) : LI J., TAN J., ZHAI R., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Superconduction, Pulse tube, CFD, Heat transfer, Regenerator, Cooling capacity, Stirling, Optimization, Expérimentation, Cryocooler
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on performance of different local radiant cooling schemes.

• Author(s) : ZHANG D., LI C., LI Z.
• Publication date: 2023/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Radiative cooling, Expérimentation, Thermal comfort, Stability, Cooling capacity
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 151
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulation of magnetic refrigeration systems with thermal diodes and axial conductive heat transfer.

• Author(s) : MONFARED B.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetocaloric cooling, Heat transfer, Cooling capacity, Modelling, Diode
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

District cooling in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

The Gulf Cooperation Council is the second largest district cooling market after the Americas with a total installed capacity of 4.1 MN RT (14,500 MW).

• Publication date : 2015/06/11

Converting waste heat into cooling

A prototype that has succeeded in converting waste heat into cooling capacity could lead to new solutions to harness excess energy produced by systems.

• Publication date : 2012/03/23

50% of data center cooling systems soon upgraded in North America

According to Emerson Network Power, half of all data center cooling systems in North America will be upgraded before the end of 2016 in a drive for greater reliability, efficiency and additional capacity.

• Publication date : 2016/02/15

Benefits of thermal energy storage

The use of thermal storage, coupled to a refrigeration unit, allows the user to reduce the cooling capacity of installed units, to lower operating costs and electric bills, to increase plant reliability and to provide an effective solution for...

• Publication date : 2013/03/29

How to evaluate the refrigerating capacity of compressors?

Most compressor manufacturers express the capacity of their compressors using the "nominal capacity" of the motor, expressed in HP (1 Horse Power = 0.735 kW) which does not give precise information on the refrigerating capacity of the compressor....

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Sorption chillers

Sorption chiller technology is rapidly developing, especially that using solar energy. - As highlighted by Jacob and Kohlenbach* during the latest IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids in Sydney, in Europe, numerous new...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Paris district cooling is growing

A presentation of the Paris district cooling system by François Dupoux, President-General Director of Climespace (operator of the district cooling system) during the IIR-AFF centenary conference in Paris attracted a lot of interest. Many...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Trends and Markets: The Dubai District-Cooling Boom

The United Arab Emirates has the potential to become the world's largest district-cooling market: demand is estimated at 10 million tonnes of refrigeration (36 360 MW) in the next 10 years. The construction boom in Dubai has triggered particularly...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Ice storage

The Paris Palais des Congrès, a vast building comprising a Congress centre, a hotel and a shopping mall is equipped with an ice storage system allowing it to optimize its power-bill management in winter, but also to shave summer peaks and to...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

GCC district cooling is booming

According to a MEED recent report, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) district cooling market has experienced rapid growth over the past 10 years and now has a capacity of just over 6300 MW. The GCC involves the 6 Persian Gulf states of Bahrain,...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Heating and cooling ceilings

The upcoming translation of European Directive 2002/91/EC on improving energy efficiency in buildings into EU national legislation in January 2006 calls for a clear improvement in the energy efficiency of cooling and heating systems. In view of...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Marine refrigeration

The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Solar Air conditioning

With high summer temperatures, air-conditioning and thermal comfort are increasingly important issues, but raise the challenges of high energy consumption and of environmental consequences. Three recent projects use solar energy to operate...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Solar absorption air conditioning

When do you need air conditioning? When it is hot and sunny. This is why Broad Air Conditioning, China, one of the world's largest manufacturers of direct-fired absorption chillers, has been focusing on solar absorption air-conditioning systems...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Must read in IJR: Overview of cold storage capacity in Uganda

The cold storage capacity in Uganda was estimated at 4.5 m3 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2023, according to a recent survey on existing cold storage facilities for bulk handling of perishable food...

• Publication date : 2024/09/20

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

News from IIR members: Johnson Controls

Johnson Controls and Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University are beating the record books with York CYK chillers. To construct what is claimed to be the world's largest chiller plant using air-cooled radiators, Johnson Controls is providing 26...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Member News: Daikin partners with Fujifilm to reduce noise from some of its ventilation/humidification units

The Japanese company Daikin will soon use a new technology to reduce noise in some of its ventilation and humidification units. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

Cooling Keeps Food Fresh : Global Campaign Announced for World Refrigeration Day, June 26

Since 2019, June 26 celebrates the World Refrigeration Day. With increasing global stakes at hand over the past years, refrigeration took a leading role at the heart of international...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment

Highlight from COP13/MOP36 - Day 1

At a side event during COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, IIR and Cool Up Programme convened global leaders to address challenges in energy-efficient refrigeration and cooling. Discussions focused on reducing emissions,...

• Publication date : 2024/10/28

Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges

The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.  

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

INDEE+ Seminar at REFCOLD 2022

The first INDEE+ seminar gathering all the project partners and key Indian stakeholders took place at REFCOLD 2022 in Ahmedabad (Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India).  

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights

Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

News from IIR members: Masterflux from Tecumseh

Tecumseh has unveiled a new line of direct-current (DC) Masterflux compressors in India. The compressor manufacturer has designed the compressors for battery cooling applications for the growing telecommunications market and also for beverage...

• Publication date : 2012/03/05

The IIR around the world: October 2023

A look back at the IIR's latest events at Refcold in India, the ESEF forum in Praia, Cabo Verde, and the SIFA trade fair in France. 

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

SophiA at ESEF 2024 in Abidjan

SophiA will organise a 3-hour hybrid workshop focused on ongoing solar cooling and heating projects in the ECOWAS region.

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: Developing country

The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...

• Publication date : 2021/07/13
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)