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Women in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry: personal experiences and achievements.

Les femmes dans l'industrie du froid et du conditionnement d'air : expériences et réalisations personnelles.

• Author(s) : CLARK E., JESUS R. de
• Publication date: 2019
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Women in the refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps industry.

• Author(s) : COLOMBO I., MARQUES C., RODWAY M., EVANS J., MAIDMENT G., VOIGT A., MOUNDJIMBI MOMBO F.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Care: IIR working group with emphasis on women in refrigeration.

• Author(s) : MARQUES C., COLOMBO I., EVANS J., KAUFFELD M., TARLEA G., COULOMB D.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Women in cooling: a worldwide survey

• Author(s) : MARQUES C., COLOMBO I., WAGNER S., ELTALOUNY A., BAHA M.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English, French
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Women working in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat Pumps: a Worldwide Survey.

• Author(s) : MARQUES C., COLOMBO I., BAHA M., ELTALOUNY A., WAGNER S., EVANS J., MAIDMENT G.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Intermittent whole-body cold immersion induces similar thermal stress but different motor and cognitive responses between males and females.

• Author(s) : SOLIANIK R., SKURVYDAS A., MICKEVICIENE D., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 69 - n. 2

IIR document

Women in the cold chain industry.

• Author(s) : COLOMBO I., MARQUES C., EVANS J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Labour shortages and surpluses in Europe 2023

• Author(s) : ELA (European Labour Authority)
• Publication date: 2024/05
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Gender-specific cold responses induce a similar body-cooling rate but different neuroendocrine and immune response.

• Author(s) : SOLIANIK R., SKURVYDAS A., VITKAUSKIENE A., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 69 - n. 1

IIR document

Difference in skin temp variation during a whole-body cryotherapy exposure in males and females.

• Author(s) : BOUZIGON R., POLITOFF M., PETIT H., DUPUY O., DUGUE B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

La situation mondiale de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture 2010-11. Le rôle des femmes dans l'agriculture : combler le fossé entre les hommes et les femmes pour soutenir le développement.

The state of food and agriculture 2010-11. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development.

• Author(s) : FAO
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : French

The state of food and agriculture 2010-11. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development.

• Author(s) : FAO
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : English

The state of food and agriculture 2010-11. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development.

[In Arabic. / En arabe.]

• Author(s) : FAO
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : Arabic

The state of food and agriculture 2010-11. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : FAO
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : Chinese

The state of food and agriculture 2010-11. Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development.

[In Russian. / En russe.]

• Author(s) : FAO
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : Russian

Addressing gender and regional disparities in access to cooling

The annual Chilling Prospects report estimates that 1.12 billion poor people in rural and urban areas are at high risk due to a lack of access to cooling. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy, General information

International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) Appoints First President 

Colleen Keyworth was appointed President for the 2023 year with Dr. Ina Colombo-Youla as President-Elect to serve the following year. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/13

Women unaware of engineering opportunities

In UK, a leading job site reveals that 71.8% of female engineers believe young women are unaware of the career opportunities available in the sector.

• Publication date : 2016/09/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The refrigeration sector celebrates International Women's Day and World Engineering Day

Engineers and technicians make up the bulk of the workforce in the refrigeration and heat pump sector, a growing sector in which all professions are accessible to women.

• Publication date : 2024/03/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Gender disparity in air-conditioned offices?

According to a recent article published in Nature Climate Change, standards were developed in the 1960’s and are based on the resting metabolic rates of a 40 year old man who weighs 70 kgs.

• Publication date : 2015/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Benefits of closed display cabinets for food preservation

A recent article in the IJR shows that in comparison to an open display cabinet, a closed display cabinet achieves lower product temperature and better temperature homogeneity, even with a high door-opening frequency.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

French retailers to close refrigerated cabinets

French retailers commit to equip at least 75% of their chiller cabinets with doors and glazing by 2020.

• Publication date : 2012/03/29

Norwegian lobster farm uses waste heat from datacentre

An innovative lobster farm will use waste heat from a Norwegian datacentre for water temperature regulation.

• Publication date : 2021/08/30
• Subjects: Technology

China announces HCFC shutdown

China has announced closure of five HCFC refrigeration production lines, nearly 16% of total production, by 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/11/11

China announces HCFC shutdown

China has announced it will close five of its HCFC refrigeration production lines, nearly 16% of total production, by 2015.

• Publication date : 2014/10/10

A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store

The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.

• Publication date : 2018/01/17

Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products

Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

ColdHubs: Revolutionising Nigerian agriculture with solar-powered cold rooms and empowering farmers

ColdHubs, founded by Nnaemeka Ikegwuonu, provides walk-in solar-powered cold rooms to combat post-harvest crop spoilage among small-scale farmers in Nigeria through Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS). Their latest...

• Publication date : 2024/05/30

Employment in the French refrigeration sector

A recent study by AGEFOS PME, a socio-economic monitoring centre, has provided data on the French refrigeration sector and its employees. The sector comprises 1900 companies and employs 25 700 persons.

• Publication date : 2013/05/22

For IIR members only

EU reports shortage of RAC technicians

In the latest edition of the labour shortages and surpluses report, the European Labour Authority identified 11 countries with severe shortage of air conditioning and refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2024/11/21
• Subjects: General information

ASHRAE 2023 “Women in RACHP” workshop

At the ASHRAE 2023 winter conference and exhibition in Atlanta, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) Working Group organised a workshop on “Women in RACHP”. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/21

Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report

UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: General information

The IIR brings women in refrigeration to the forefront

Discover the reasons why the IIR organised its first fun and informal workshop on “Women in Refrigeration” during ICR2015.

• Publication date : 2015/09/09

Take part in the survey: women in RACHP

Are you a woman working in the Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat Pumps sector? We would like to understand the motivation, challenges and opportunities faced...

• Publication date : 2021/12/21

IIR Women in Refrigeration Award at ICR 2023

During the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration in Paris in August 2023, a brand new award will be presented: the IIR Women in Refrigeration Award. It will reward exceptional scientific work...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe

Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at

• Publication date : 2023/05/11
• Subjects: General information

IJR Editorial: The IIR on the board of the international network of women in cooling

Women are significantly and visibly under-represented in the refrigeration industry. A preliminary evaluation has demonstrated that around 6% of women are members of national refrigeration and air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2023/01/09

INWIC at ICR 2023: An inspirational event in the fight for gender equality in the refrigeration sector

At ICR 2023, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) working group organised an INWIC (International Network of Women in Cooling) round table on Monday 21st August 2023. This  discussion panel...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration

A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

IIR with INWIC at the WiHVACR Annual Conference

From 6th to 8th November 2023, the 20th Women in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (WiHVACR) Annual Conference was held in Jacksonville, United States...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

UK: IoR dinner 2020 and Judith Evans receives award

During the IoR annual dinner 2020, the IoR recognised the contributions of outstanding individuals to the UK refrigeration industry.Judith Evans was awarded ACR Woman of the Year 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

IIR website: best downloads in 2022

Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

IIR at the 2024 ASHRAE winter conference and contribution to INWIC at the 2024 AHR expo

During ASHRAE’s Winter and the AHR expo meeting which took place in Chicago on January 20-24, the IIR organised and participated in the International Network of Women in Cooling (INWIC) networking...

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration

CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: General information

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)