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Pordenje i iskustvo sa energetskih pregleda komercijalnih objekata po EU direktivi i Ashrae metodologiji sa predlozima za unapredenje srpske metodologije energetskih pregleda.
Comparison and experience from energy audits according to EU directive and Ashrae methodology with recommendations for development of serbian methodology of energy audits.
Biogorivo dobijeno od lignoceluloznih sirovina.
Biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstock.
The Case for DC: Motivation of Modern Topologies, DC-Powered Solutions, and Applications within Residential Environments.
Revolution in renewables: integration of green hydrogen for a sustainable future.
Large-scale hydrogen production systems using marine renewable energies: state-of-the-art.
Hydrogen-based energy systems: Current technology development status, opportunities and challenges.
Green hydrogen energy systems: A review on their contribution to a renewable energy system.
Thermal management system architecture for hydrogen-powered propulsion technologies: practices, thematic clusters, system architectures, future challenges, and opportunities
Africa Renewable Energy Manufacturing: Opportunity and Advancement.
Refrigerazione con enerige rinnovabili.
Refrigeration using renewable energy.
Overview of solar thermal technology development and applications in West Africa: Focus on hot water and its applications.
Enabling human-centered daylighting operation using non-intrusive luminance monitoring and deep learning.
Desarrollo de un compilador gráfico para la definición energética del edificio.
Solar cooking intensive experiences in south of Iberian peninsula and its importance in research planning.
Práctica docente con colectores solares Fresnel para la generación directa de vapor.
Teaching practice with Fresnel solar collectors for direct steam generation (DSG).
Refrigeration sector monitoring
83 results
The impact of humidity on global demand for cooling energy
Recent studies have highlighted the countries most affected by the need to adapt to rising temperatures. Assessing the impact of humidity on perceived temperatures also stresses out...
Inefficient R22 air conditioners dumped in Africa
According to a recent report, 35% of room air conditioners (RAC) sold in ten African countries are low efficiency RACs. RACs containing R22 account for 47% of the market, while 49% contain R410A.Setting minimum...
China issues action plan to advance its heat pump industry
In April 2025, a group of China’s ministries and governmental bodies jointly released an “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of the Heat Pump Industry”.
Road to COP28. Extending the temperature range and application for heat pumps
To promote decarbonation, “high temperature heat pumps should be designed using waste heat and renewables as a driving energy, and environmentally friendly working fluids”, according...
Energy efficiency of HVAC equipment suffers due to poor installation
According to a NIST research report, the benefits of improved energy efficiency ratings can go for naught if the refrigerating equipment is not installed properly.
France unveils new adaptation plan to address rising refrigeration needs amid rising temperature
France announced a new National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change (PNACC-3).
Road to COP28. Energy efficiency and recovery of refrigerants
“Sustainability must refer to energy efficiency and circularity”, says Dr Laura Fedele, IIR expert.
Emissions Gap Report 2024: the role of refrigeration in reducing emissions
In its latest report, UNEP outlines the potential for emissions reduction in various sectors, including energy efficiency measured in the buildings sector.
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)
Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.
Green hydrogen production project in Namibia
In partnership with a French-German consortium, the Namibian government plans to develop a green hydrogen production facility. Although some of the funding may be secured as early as...
China continues CO2 emission decline despite heatwaves
After a drop in Q2 of 2024, China’s CO2 emissions remain at the same level of last year’s figures, despite recent heatwaves.
IEA “Net Zero by 2050” roadmap: the role of the refrigeration sector
In its latest report, the IEA stresses that the path to net‐zero emissions by 2050 is narrow. In this context, the refrigeration sector, including heat pumps, has an important role to play.
Japanese households don’t make the most of reversible heat pumps
Despite a high market penetration, less than half of Japanese households use their reversible heat pumps for heating.
ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part IV)
Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU
Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.
IIR news
58 results
International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) releases new technical brief: “The role of refrigeration in the global economy (3rd edition)”
This comprehensive report highlights the critical importance of refrigeration in addressing global challenges related to food security, healthcare, energy efficiency, and climate change.
Discover the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
The IIR is proud to present the newest addition to its portfolio of scientific information products; the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration.
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
IIR’s contribution and key outcomes at COP29
The International Institute of Refrigeration actively participated in COP29/CMP19/CMA6 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 November to 22 November 2024, contributing to key discussions and fostering discussions...
Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges
The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.
Meeting: EPEE
A meeting was held on January 19, 2005, between EPEE (European Partnership for Energy and the Environment) represented by Friedrich Busch, Director General, and the IIR represented by D. Coulomb and J.L. Dupont. During this meeting, information...
Magnetic refrigeration: a promising technology
The IIR decided, a few years ago, to set up a Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, and has organized 4 conferences: in 2005 in Switzerland, in 2007 in Slovenia, in 2009 in the USA, in 2010 in China. We published articles in...
The Beijing Congress
The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration will be held in Beijing, China, on August 21-26, 2007. IIR congresses are held every 4 years in various parts of the world, showing the global influence of the IIR. The previous event was held...
The 21st European Conference on RACHP technologies is just around the corner
The 21st edition of the European Conference RACHP, co-organised by UNEP, IIR, and Centro Studi Galileo, will take place in Milano on June 12-13, 2025.
26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration - Call for abstract
Abstract submission for the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration is extended. ICR 2023 is scheduled from 21st to 25th August 2023 in Paris.
Celebrating Heat Pumps Day with Björn Palm: Scientific Leadership and IIR Engagement
In celebration of Heat Pumps Day, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to spotlight the work of Professor Björn Palm, a leading figure in the field of thermal systems and energy...
IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA
The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...
FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration
About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during MOP 34
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 34th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-34) in Montréal, Canada (octobre 31 –...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Events
2 results
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
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Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
