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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Keywords : Methane, Ethane, Bubble, Pool boiling, Correlation, Model, Joule-Thomson, Modelling, LNG, Liquefaction
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

Nuevo modelo dinámico de un intercambiador enterrado en TRNSYS: adaptación del modelo B2G a largos periodos de simulación.

New dynamic model of a buried exchanger by using TRNSYS: B2G model adaptation to wide simulation periods.

• Author(s) : MARÍN A. C., RUIZ CALVO F., MONTAGUD MONTALVÁ C., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Geothermy, Simulation, Heat pump, Ground-source system, Model, Heat exchanger
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Modelo dinámico para pequeñas redes urbanas de calefacción en las zonas rurales.

Dynamic model for small district heating networks in rural areas.

• Author(s) : BESTRZYNSKI G. K., RAZANI A. R., JANSSEN H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Network, Model, Hydraulics, District heating
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 42 - n. 473
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.

• Author(s) : SACASAS D., VEGA J., CUEVAS C., BORRAJO R.
• Publication date: 2023/09
• Languages :
• Keywords : Supermarket, R744, R404A, Booster, Compressor, Condenser, Gas cooler, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 153
• Formats : PDF

Research and development of numerical model of LNG dispersion.

• Author(s) : ZHANG X., LI J., LIU L., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calculation, Atmosphere, Model, LNG, Leakage
• Source: Cold Facts - vol. 31 - n. 5

Development, validation, and assessment of a high fidelity chilled water plant model.

• Author(s) : BAILLIE B. P., BOLLAS G. M.
• Publication date: 2017/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Chiller, Optimization, Modelling, Model, Chilled water
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 111

IIR document

A flexible numerical model of a multistage active magnetocaloric regenerator.

• Author(s) : SCHROEDER M. G., BREHOB E.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regenerator, Magnetocaloric property, Multistage system, Model, Magnetism
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

Assessment of the accuracy of solar irradiance models in mountain locations: the case of Bolzano, Italy.

• Author(s) : PERNIGOTTO G., PRADA A., GASPARELLA A.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar radiation, Model
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 7^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Modelling of a rotary desiccant wheel: Numerical validation of a Variable Properties Model.

• Author(s) : BARESCHINO P., DIGLIO G., PEPE F., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Desiccant wheel, Performance, Optimization, Model
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 78

IIR document

Evaluation of gray box thermostatic expansion valve mass flow models.

• Author(s) : BEHFAR A., YUILL D.
• Publication date: 2018/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermostatic expansion valve, Air conditioner, Modelling, Model, Mass, Flow, Flow rate
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 96
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Empirical models for efficiency and mass flow rate of centrifugal compressors.

• Author(s) : FANG X., CHEN W., ZHOU Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Efficiency, Performance, Model, Flow rate, Centrifugal compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 41
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulation models in the supersmart supermarket energy-benchmark tool.

• Author(s) : FIDORRA N., HAFNER A., KÖHLER J.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R744, Supermarket, Simulation, Model, Energy saving, CO2
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

Thermodynamic model of cooling tower with Lewis number and operating characteristics analysis.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : XIA S., MA J., WU J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Cooling tower, Temperature, Performance, Model, Counterflow
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 293
• Formats : PDF

A perturbation model for stratified thermal energy storage tanks.

• Author(s) : VOTYAKOV E. V., BONANOS A. M.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Stratification, Tank, Energy storage, Model, Thermal energy storage
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 75

Poredenje modela poslovnog objekta sa energetskog i ekološkog aspekta.

Comparison of office building models from energy and environmental aspects.

• Author(s) : KRSTIC-FURUNDZIC A., KOSIC T.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Office, Energy consumption, Building, Design, Cooling, Model, Environment, Energy efficiency, Heating
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

MAC: EU orders Germany to stop using R134a in new models of vehicles

The European Commission ordered Germany to stop using R134a or to face court action and possible fines.

• Publication date : 2014/10/30

Modelling energy use in a frozen food supermarket

A study presents a simulation used to model energy consumption in a frozen food supermarket in United Kingdom.

• Publication date : 2017/04/25

Updating ammonia dispersion models

Research is underway in order to improve existing ammonia-dispersion behaviour models.

• Publication date : 2012/01/19

First car models using HFO-1234yf

During the recent Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide convention and trade show in Las Vegas, USA, discussions focused on the vehicles will have the new HFO-1234yf refrigerant. It was revealed that one vehicle was already being sold with the...

• Publication date : 2012/07/03

Out of the ordinary: ATLAS LEGO® model

As part of an outreach project at the Niels Bohr Institute Sascha Mehlhase recently designed and built a model of the ATLAS experiment in LEGO® bricks. It illustrates all details, from the muon and magnet system to the innermost pixel...

• Publication date : 2012/04/24

France: a HFC price commission before an index from INSEE (in French)

During SIFA, the Snefcca (French national union of refrigeration, kitchen equipment and air conditioning companies) confirms deadlines and framework of the future index from INSEE (French national institute for statistics and economic studies)...

• Publication date : 2015/12/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

Caloric cooling: state of the art and perspectives

A recent IJR article reviews the most significant results obtained over the past ten years in the field of magnetocaloric cooling and more recently in the field of electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling. It also presents the...

• Publication date : 2019/11/29

Phase change materials in domestic fridges

The application of phase-change materials (PCMs) in domestic refrigerators could be a novel solution to improve appliance thermal stability and efficiency.

• Publication date : 2014/05/05

Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040

The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Earth-to-air heat exchanger for air conditioning in a Colombian tropical weather

In a recent theoretical study, a passive cooling system using an earth-to-air heat exchanger (EAHE) was modelled for the Colombian tropical weather.

• Publication date : 2021/08/02
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system

Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...

• Publication date : 2022/02/21
• Subjects: Technology

Must read in IJR: a comprehensive review on fault detection in HVAC systems

The latest research and developments in the fault detection and diagnostics of HVAC systems are presented in several articles recently published in the IJR.

• Publication date : 2023/02/13
• Subjects: Technology

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to refrigeration systems

AI techniques, which are currently very topical, are the subject of intense research and development. Overview of their applications and benefits in the refrigeration sector, based on the latest articles...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Technology

World air-conditioning market in 2019

Despite a decline of -0.8% in sales globally, many markets performed well in 2019. Inverter technology and smart air conditioners are steadily gaining ground globally while sales of R32 systems are increasing...

• Publication date : 2020/03/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Newly revised efficiency standards for ACs in Brazil and India

Stringent minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for air-conditioning (AC) equipment contribute to cutting down the energy demand for ACs globally. Setting up and periodically revising energy efficiency...

• Publication date : 2020/10/22
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country

IIR Informatory Note highlights global air conditioning's CO2 emissions and energy impact

The IIR has modelled current and future CO2 emissions attributable to air conditioning in different regions of the world.

• Publication date : 2024/08/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production

Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.

• Publication date : 2017/03/16

IIR Women in Refrigeration Award at ICR 2023

During the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration in Paris in August 2023, a brand new award will be presented: the IIR Women in Refrigeration Award. It will reward exceptional scientific work...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Frisbee Project: Latest Developments

Frisbee is a European-Union-funded 4-year project. It was launched in September 2010 and involves 26 partners including the IIR. the IIR is in charge of collecting data and the dissemination of research outcomes. The aim is to provide new...

• Publication date : 2011/12/20

Discover the winners of the IIR Scientific Awards 2023

Every four years at its Congress, the IIR offers a series of prestigious Scientific Awards that recognise those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of refrigeration. Discover this year’s...

• Publication date : 2023/05/04
• Subjects: General information

The IIR brings women in refrigeration to the forefront

Discover the reasons why the IIR organised its first fun and informal workshop on “Women in Refrigeration” during ICR2015.

• Publication date : 2015/09/09

New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain

The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.

• Publication date : 2021/06/07
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain

The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29
• Subjects: Developing country

Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering

Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2015/04/01

The IIR with the World Bank in West Bengal

The IIR is a key partner in the World Bank’s project on the Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) integration into the cold chain in West Bengal 

• Publication date : 2021/09/07

Member News: Daikin partners with Fujifilm to reduce noise from some of its ventilation/humidification units

The Japanese company Daikin will soon use a new technology to reduce noise in some of its ventilation and humidification units. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Watch our side event at COP27

COP27 will mark the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

• Publication date : 2022/10/25
• Subjects: Environment

Discover the winners of the IIR Student Competition

On the occasion of ICR2015, the IIR is sponsoring the first ever undergraduate student project competition entitled "ICR2015 Refrigeration for the Sustainable Cold Chain and Food Safety" (RSCC&FS).

• Publication date : 2015/07/15

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information