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IIR document
Investigation of the key factors that affect drip loss in Japanese strawberry cultivars as a result of freezing and thawing.
Recubrimientos de mucílago de nopal y grenetina para mejorar la vida comercial de nectarina arcela mínimamente procesada.
Prickly pear pectin and tasteless gelatine-based coatings to improve the commercial life of minimally processed nectarines.
Conjugate heat transfer model of non-Newtonian fruit pulp freezing by turbulent convective air flow in a refrigeration cabinet.
Cambios en la cantidad de pectina en los productos de manzana frescos y congelados.
Changes of pectin quantity in fresh and frozen apple products.
Krioochrome wlasciwosci pektyny i lecytyny w tkance miesniowej drobiu w czasie zamrazalniczego przechowywania.
Cryoprotective properties of pectin and lecithin in chicken meat tissue during frozen storage.
Texture and pectin composition changes of dehydrofreeze-thawed strawberry slices: influence of different dehydration pretreatments.
Ultrastructural and changes in pectin composition of sweet cherry from the application of prefreezing treatments.
Activity change in softening enzymes during sour cherry maturation and storage.
Effects of post-harvest pre-cooling processes and cyclical heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of 'Red Haven peaches' and 'Shahmiveh pears' during cold storage.
Alterações físico-químicas em morangos (Fragaria anassa Duch.) irradiados e armazenados.
Physical-chemical alterations in irradiated and stored strawberries (Fragaria anassa Duch.).
Use of LDPE packaging for guava fruit under cold storage: changes in some sensory characteristics and cell wall compounds.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HYDROCOLLOIDS ON THE STABILITY OF FROZEN STORED MINCED FILLETS OF WHITING AND COD.
Freezing and storage of non-traditional vegetables.
Quality changes of some apple cultivars stored in normal atmosphere for long periods.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
69 results
Strengthening TM44 compliance: UK businesses face heavier fines for air conditioning inspection failures
UK businesses are now facing significantly higher fines for failing to comply with the TM44 Air Conditioning Inspection regulations, with potential penalties amounting to a collective cost of hundreds of...
Reflecting material to reduce heat loads
Engineers at Stanford University reported that they have invented a mirror-like material capable, not only of reflecting 97% of sunlight thus reducing incoming heat, but also radiating heat outside of the buildings.
Experimentation of a film rejecting 70% of solar heat
A team of researchers explored the ability of a phase-change material film set on windows to reject incoming solar heat.
Solar cooling: Perspectives in Australia
A paper by P. Kohlenbach and M. Dennis1 presented at the 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants in Sydney gave an outlook and future perspectives on solar cooling in Australia, focusing on a comparison between the current...
Chile's energy outlook
Summary of an article published in the Santiago Times in January 2018.
The LNG sector: outlook
LNG sales are expected to reach 240.8Mt in 2012, approximately 1Mt less than 2011.
Refrigerated containers: state of play and perspectives
Refrigerated containers play an essential role in the maritime refrigerated transport sector; a look back at the stages of their development and the recent and future technological advances of this...
Overview and outlook of the cooling sector in Jordan
In May 2024, Jordan’s Ministry of the Environment published its National Cooling Strategy (NCS), which details the country’s cooling sector and sets a framework for the National...
Solar perspectives for cooling in the Gulf
Air conditioning is claimed to account for 60% of the energy consumption in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and various options for lowering the air-conditioning energy demand are being considered.
Caloric cooling: state of the art and perspectives
A recent IJR article reviews the most significant results obtained over the past ten years in the field of magnetocaloric cooling and more recently in the field of electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling. It also presents the...
Micro-trigeneration trends and perspectives
Micro-trigeneration systems are emerging in various applications like residential buildings, hotels, hospitals, university campuses, automobiles, etc.
ICR2011 highlights: carbon capture and storage (CCS) perspectives
During ICR2011, a complete session was devoted to carbon capture and storage (CCS). Berstad et al.(1) stressed that according to IEA, out of the targeted global annual CO2 emissions reductions – 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels –, CO2 CCS from...
HVAC market in the United States: figures and perspectives
A market study published in November 2011 by Freedonia, provides figures on the current market and perspectives until 2015.
Prospects for a sustainable cold chain in India
The establishment of a sustainable cold chain in India could save 5.75bn euros worth of fruit and vegetables wasted annually.
IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030
Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...
IIR news
17 results
IIR at COP29 in Baku: Week 1 in review
The first week of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, brought together global leaders, scientists, and industry stakeholders to tackle pressing climate issues. Among the key participants, the...
New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook
The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...
IIR Launches Call for Publication Chair, Lead Authors and Contributors for the Global Refrigeration Outlook
Paris, February 9th, 2026 – The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) announces the launch of a global call for a Publication Chair, Lead Authors, and Contributors for its forthcoming flagship...
The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity
The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.
Happy World Ozone Day!
On behalf of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) OzonAction, it gives us great pleasure to wish you a happy World Ozone Day.
REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE achievements!
After 3 years of hard work, the REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE consortium is pleased to announce the achievements of this European funded project to develop an EU-wide training on alternative low GPW...
World Refrigeration Day 2020
The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...
IIR’s historical commitment to heat pump excellence and sustainable solutions
IIR is committed to supporting, informing and connecting scientists, policymakers, manufacturers and end-users of heat pump technologies through reference publications and dedicated...
Frisbee Project: Latest Developments
Frisbee is a European-Union-funded 4-year project. It was launched in September 2010 and involves 26 partners including the IIR. the IIR is in charge of collecting data and the dissemination of research outcomes. The aim is to provide new...
IIR's 2024 activity report is now available
We are pleased to announce that the International Institute of Refrigeration's activity report for 2024 is now available. The report offers a comprehensive overview of our activities and achievements over the...
Statement from IIR Director General at UNIDO Sustainable Cooling Forum
Statement delivered by Dr. Yosr Allouche, IIR Director General, on April 8, 2026, at the UNIDO Sustainable Cooling Forum in Vienna, Austria.
IIR Working Parties
The IIR has 10 commissions: Cryophysics, cryoegineering (A1); Liquefaction and separation of gases (A2); Thermodynamics and transfer processes(B1); Refrigerating equipment (B2); Cryobiology, cryomedicine (C1); Food science and engineering (C2);...
Highlights from REFCOLD India 2024
The International Institute of Refrigeration recently participated in REFCOLD India 2024, held from October 3-5 in Kolkata, India. Organised by ISHRAE and Informa Markets, this
Editorial by Didier Coulomb
In the previous issue of the Newsletter, I wrote about the conclusions I drew following the 2006 United Nations conferences on ozone depletion and climate change. A recently published important element backs up my conclusions: the Proceedings of...
Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
