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IIR document
Drop-in replacement in a R134 ejector refrigeration cycle by HFO refrigerants.
High pressure rotary compressor CFD analysis: performance comparison of two R-gases (R134[a] and R407C).
Influence of refrigerant solubility and surface geometry on the wetting properties of lubricating oil.
Experimental measurement of vapor-liquid equilibrium for 3,3,3-trifluoropropene(R1243zf) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a) at temperatures from 243.150 to 293.150 K.
Análisis exergético-ambiental de un sistema de refrigeración operando con diferentes refrigerantes.
Environmental and exergy analysis of a refrigeration system operating with different refrigerants.
Experimental study on key geometric parameters of an R134A ejector cooling system.
R450a and R513a as low-GWP substitutes of R-134a and R-507a in a medium temperature refrigeration system.
Characterization of heat transfer in R134a spray cooling.
Experimental research on the performance of the diffusion absorption refrigerator with R32/R134a mixed refrigerants.
Experimental study of condensation heat transfer of R134a on oil-infused metal foams.
Performance investigation of a pressure pulsation dampener applied in the discharge chamber of a twin screw refrigeration compressor.
Numerically-predicted velocities of C1 and C2 hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant flames with air.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Environmental impact assessment of R-152a as a drop-in replacement of R-134a in a domestic refrigerator.
Experimental comparison of a cascade refrigeration system operating with R744/R134a and R744/R404A.
Chlorine-free alternatives for CFC-114: theoretical and experimental investigations.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
129 results
Performance and climate impact assessment of R152a and R1234yf as drop-in replacements for R134a in automotive AC systems
As the phase-out of R134a accelerates due to its high global warming potential, identifying efficient and climate-friendly alternatives becomes critical. This study puts R152a and R1234yf to the test under...
Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a
A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.
Alternative mixtures for R134a
A NIST study identifies 23 non-flammable or slightly flammable mixtures as R134a alternatives in air conditioning.
300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a seized in Hangzhou
US refrigerant manufacturer DuPont has announced the seizure of 300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a in Hangzhou province, China.
New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning
Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".
Refrigerant blends may offer alternative to R134a
Research released by SAE provide further evidence that Mexichem Fluor's refrigerant blends AC5 and AC6 could offer EU regulation compliant alternatives to R134a in automotive air conditioning.
Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration
A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...
Transport: Hapag-Lloyd switches from R134a to R513A
The German shipping company Hapag-Lloyd has recently purchased 1,000 containers chilled with R513A.
R134a/CO2 cascade for a French ice rink
In the French Alps, the Alpe d’Huez ice rink has recently completely renovation, replacing the former HCFC-22 refrigeration system by an HFC-134a/CO2 cascade system.
R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer
In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...
MAC: EU orders Germany to stop using R134a in new models of vehicles
The European Commission ordered Germany to stop using R134a or to face court action and possible fines.
Briefs: Middle East - DuPont expresses anger over counterfeit R22 and R134a refrigerants
DuPont has set up a task force to help local authorities deal with refrigerant counterfeits in the Middle East, it claims are potentially harmful. Pascal Faidy, business manager at DuPont Fluorochemical Refrigerants, claims they were dangerous for...
France allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its MAC systems.
The French Supreme Court has upheld last August’s decision to overturn the MAC (Mobile air conditioning) directive and allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its car air conditioning systems.
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
IIR news
8 results
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
News from IIR members: DKV
New DKV publications:• CD-ROM of Deutschen Kälte-Klima Tagung 2010 in Magdeburg, containing all papers and presentations. Languages: German and English• Special: CD-ROMs from DKV-Tagungen 2002 to 2010 as a...
News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...
IIR member news: Embraco
Embraco, IIR Corporate Member, announced the launch of a new oil-less linear compressor design for domestic refrigeration.
IIR member news: Star Refrigeration
After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
Pôle Cristal Symposium
Pôle Cristal Symposium will take place in Dinan, France, on October 7-8, 2010. More
News from IIR members: Danfoss
Danfoss was chosen by Sainsbury’s and Netto to facilitate the conversion of their stores to CO2 as part of their ambition to drastically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Danfoss has 10 years’ experience in the...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
