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IIR document

Evaluating performance of mixed mode multistage helium plants for design and off-design conditions by exergy analysis.

• Author(s) : KUNDU A., CHOWDHURY K.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Exergy, Liquefier, Liquefaction, Performance, Multistage system, Mixed system, Heat exchanger
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 38
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of an ejector vapour compression cycle for household refrigerator.

• Author(s) : ARTECONI A., CIRIACHI G., ACAR M., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ejector system, Household refrigerator, Compression system, Performance, Mixed system, Ejector
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Basics of well-mixed room air distribution.

• Author(s) : INT-HOUT D.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Performance, Mixed system, Thermal comfort, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 57 - n. 7

IIR document

A theoretical study on a novel solar based integrated system for simultaneous production of cooling and heating.

• Author(s) : KHALIQ A.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Design, Cooling, Prototype, Mixed system, Solar energy, Heating
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 52
• Formats : PDF

Energetska efikasnost kombiniranih kompresorsko-ejektorskih rashladnih sistema i toplinskih pumpi.

Energy efficiency of combined compressor-ejector refrigeration/heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : SAREVSKI M., SAREVSKI V.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Ejector system, Compression system, Heat pump, Performance, Optimization, Mixed system, Energy efficiency
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

Termicke karakteristike poligenerativnih sistema sa ejektorskom termokompresijom.

Thermal characteristics of polygeneration systems with ejector thermo compression.

• Author(s) : SAREVSKI V., SAREVSKI M.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Ejector system, Compression system, Heat pump, Mixed system, Engine, Natural gas, COP, Heating
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

Parametric analysis and optimization of a cascade refrigeration system using a CO2/Propene mixed refrigerant.

• Author(s) : MASSUCHETTO L. H. P., NASCIMENTO do R. B. C., CARVALHO S., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1270, R744, Compression system, Performance, Optimization, Cascade system, Mixture, Expérimentation, COP, CO2
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Study on Winter Comfort Temperature in Mixed Mode and HVAC Office Buildings in Japan.

• Author(s) : KHADKA S., RIJAL H. B., AMANO K., SAITO T., IMAGAWA H., UNO T., GENJO K., TAKATA H., TSUZUKI K., NAKAYA T., NISHINA D., HASEGAWA K., MORI T.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 19
• Formats : PDF

Selection of optimal mixed liquid desiccants and performance analysis of the liquid desiccant cooling system.

• Author(s) : ZHAO X., LI X., ZHANG X.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dehumidification, Liquid, Absorbent, Desiccant system, Prediction, Performance, Energy saving, Air conditioning
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Three Years’ Performance Monitoring of a Mixed-Use Ground Source Heat Pump System in Stockholm.

• Author(s) : SPITLER J. D., GEHLIN S.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ground-source system, Domestic heat pump, Domestic water, Heating, Hot water, Performance, COP, Seasonal performance, Case study, Sweden
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

New trends in the natural and mixed refrigerants used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems - a review.

• Author(s) : KABEEL A. E., ABDELGAIED M., ALMAGAR A. M.
• Publication date: 2017/09/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Compressors 2017: 9^th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170.

• Author(s) : PAROLIN MASSUCHETTO L. H., NASCIMENTO do R. B. C., ROCHA DE CARVALHO S. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, R1270, Re170, R744, R717, Simulation, Optimization, Cascade system, Mixture, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

Novel mixed fluid cascade natural gas liquefaction process configuration using absorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : MEHRPOOYA M., OMIDI M., VATANI A.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Absorption system, Simulation, Performance, Natural gas, Waste heat
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Ušteda energije za grejanje i hladenje zgrada kombinovanom instalacijom toplotne pumpe i sunceve energije (KITPS).

Energy saving for buildings heating and cooling using combined solar-heat pump installations (CSHPI).

• Author(s) : BERDYBAEVA M.
• Publication date: 2014/12/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar collector, Building, Cooling, Solar radiation, Heat pump, Performance, Mixed system, Solar energy, Energy saving, Heating
• Source: Zbornik radova. 45. Medunarodnikongres i izložba o grejanju hladenju i klimatizaciji./ Proceedings. 45th International congress and exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning (HVAC&R).
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic analysis of a petroleum volatile organic compounds (VOCs) condensation recovery system combined with mixed-refrigerant refrigeration.

• Author(s) : WANG H., GUO H., ZHAO Y., DONG X., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2020/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 116
• Formats : PDF

A new non-flammable mixture to boost the performance of CO2 systems

In a recent IJR article, researchers propose combining R744 with Dimethyl-ether (DME) to boost system performance while ensuring safety and low environmental impact, in a recent IJR...

• Publication date : 2024/02/26
• Subjects: Technology

Radiative cooling: smart materials to switch from heating to cooling

Researchers have developed a radiative thermal management device, composed of several layers of reflective/absorbent materials, capable of switching between heating and cooling...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants

In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...

• Publication date : 2021/06/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Cold stores safety and energy consumption

During the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, held in Yokohama in August 2015, two valuable papers focused on cold store energy consumption and safety issues.

• Publication date : 2016/03/11

Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects

In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.

• Publication date : 2024/01/25
• Subjects: Technology

R1234yf as a working fluid in Organic Rankine Cycle systems

A recent review article presented the use of HFO R1234yf and its mixtures in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems, namely in applications for waste heat recovery from internal...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Technology

ISO 5149 standard revision: negative vote

Draft revised ISO/FDIS 5149 (Parts 1 to 4) standard “Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -- Safety and environmental requirements” which was submitted for voting on October 3, 2012, has been rejected by ISO countries (except Part 4 on operation,...

• Publication date : 2012/10/10
• Subjects: Regulation

Initiatives to promote refrigeration technologies in the developing world

Focus on some initiatives to facilitate access to eco-friendly refrigeration technologies in hot countries.

• Publication date : 2020/06/26
• Subjects: Developing country

Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport

With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

The expansion of refrigeration applications of Thermal Energy Storage and PCMs

Based on a selection of papers from two recent IIR conferences, overview of thermal energy storage and PCM applications in the fields of refrigerated transport, display cabinets, fishing vessels, food processing...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

World Cup stadium cooling technology and CO2 emissions

The FIFA World Cup stadiums in Qatar combine passive cooling strategies with innovative air-conditioning technology to offer fans and players a more comfortable...

• Publication date : 2022/11/21
• Subjects: Technology

For IIR members only

Moderate growth of the AC market in Brazil in Q2 2024

Data from Brazilian Association of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Heating (ABRAVA) present production and sales of air conditioning equipment for the first semester...

• Publication date : 2024/12/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy

For IIR members only

World’s largest CO2-based seawater heat pump goes live in Esbjerg, Denmark

This 70 MW heat pump now provides renewable district heating, supporting Esbjerg’s transition to carbon-neutral energy by 2030. 

• Publication date : 2024/12/18

Noise reduction strategies for screw compressors

The operating noise of twin-screw compressors is an important issue that may limit their scope of application. Two recent IJR papers suggest several noise reduction methods and analyse their...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31

Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production

A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Environment

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

New European projects for the IIR

In line with its international activities, the IIR is going to take part in two European projects which have just been validated by the European Commission.

• Publication date : 2016/02/24

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

COOL-SAVE project news

This European project – which aims at development and dissemination of cost-effective strategies designed to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector – involves 9 partners including the IIR, which is a member of...

• Publication date : 2013/02/22

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs