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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

Numerical simulation of bubbles motion in lifting pipe of bubble pump for lithium bromide absorption chillers.

• Author(s) : GAO H., LIU B., YAN Y.
• Publication date: 2017/03/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 115

Research progress of bubble pump in refrigeration application.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIANG Y., LIU D., YE P.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 155
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental studies on the performance of multiple tubes bubble pump with R134a-TEGDME.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., TANG J., WANG S., WANG Q., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 140
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance characterization of a bubble pump for vapor absorption refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : AMAN J., HENSHAW P., TING D. S. K.
• Publication date: 2018/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 85
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermo-fluidic characteristics and performance in a distribute heating bubble pump generator.

• Author(s) : YANG H., CHEN Y., WU Y., YANG F., HUANG X., XU Y., DUAN W.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 133
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of vibration parameters on the bubble absorption characteristics of working fluids R134a–DMAC in a vertical tube.

• Author(s) : WU X., LIU J., XU S., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effect of fine bubbles on fish freshness retention.

• Author(s) : UEMA T., REDO M. A., WATANABE M.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Surface tension measurement of oil/refrigerant mixture by maximum bubble pressure method.

• Author(s) : FUKUTA M., SUMIYAMA J., MOTOZAWA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 73
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental research on the performance of a refrigerant generating bubble pump based on a diffusion generation process with H₂O-HCOOK-R134a.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., TANG J., WANG C., WANG S., WANG Q., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 142
• Formats : PDF

The particle hydrodynamic effect on the mass transfer in a buoyant CO2-bubble through the experimental and computational studies.

• Author(s) : YOON S., CHUNG J. T., KANG Y. T.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 73

IIR document

Preliminary experimental and numerical approaches for further understanding of water bubble dynamic growth at subatmospheric pressure.

• Author(s) : GIRAUD F., MANTAROPOULOS P., GRENIER N., DULUC M. C., TREMEAC B., TOBALY P.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

The Modeling of Bubble Lift-Off Diameter in Vertical Subcooled Boiling Flow.

• Author(s) : DU J., ZHAO C., BO H., REN X.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 18
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Bubble departure diameter in nucleate pool boiling at saturation: pure liquids and binary mixtures.

• Author(s) : HAMZEKHANI S., MANIAVI FALAHIEH M., AKBARI A.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 46
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Preliminary study of the splashing effect due to the bursting of giant water bubbles near the triple point: application to water evaporator.

• Author(s) : GIRAUD F., MANTAROPOULOS P., TREMEAC B., TOBALY P.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Quest for the eternal bubble

Two Paris-based artists, Olivier Dollinger and Jochen Dehn, are attempting to freeze a liquid bubble permanently. The bubble is to be suspended in mid-air thanks to a refined air-flow system, in a large low-temperature refrigerated display cabinet.

• Publication date : 2013/09/13

Global retail markets feeling the bulge

According to IGD, a market research distributor, China is set to be the world's second largest food retail market by 2020, an increase driven by the increased spending power and changes in eating habits of the 1.3 billion population. China is fast...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Toshiba offers rugby tickets for R22 survey.

Toshiba conducts market research on R22 systems within the UK and Ireland.

• Publication date : 2015/02/02

Brief: Clark Bullard

Clark Bullard, President of IIR Commission B2, received the Distinguished Service Award from ASHRAE at the 2004 ASHRAE Annual Meeting on June 26-30 in Nashville, USA.

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

A free guide for copper pipework support and routing

The IoR published a bulletin providing guidance on pipework support methods for copper pipework designed to contain refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2017/05/22

Briefs: CERN: LHC relaunch

CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will initially run at an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam when it starts up in November this year. All tests on the machine's high-current electrical connections have now been completed and demonstrate that no further...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Transcritical CO2 system with ejector saves energy

Since July 2013, the first installed and operating transcritical CO2 system with ejector has registered 15% energy savings by reducing internal losses.

• Publication date : 2014/08/28

The Bristish frozen food market

The total frozen food market for the 52 weeks ending June 22, 2014 stands at just under 7.3 billion euros and grew year on year by 2.5% in value.

• Publication date : 2014/09/29

The challenges of vaccinating against rabies in hot countries

A large campaign of dog vaccination is currently being conducted in hot countries, raising the issue of the conservation temperature of vaccines.

• Publication date : 2018/03/07
• Subjects: Developing country

Maritime reefer trade in South America

In 2011, reefer exports accounted for 12% of the value of total exports from the east and west coasts of South America, equivalent to USD 40 billion.

• Publication date : 2014/07/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

A low charge direct expansion evaporator system configured to use less ammonia

A US-based meat processor operates a cold storage facility that uses just 1 kg approx ammonia per kW.

• Publication date : 2018/05/17

UNEP knowledge maps of refrigeration sector organisations and training centres worldwide

UNEP has launched its OzonAction Knowledge Maps tool, which offers access to data and information about relevant stakeholders in the refrigeration sector, including air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...

• Publication date : 2021/07/15
• Subjects: General information

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Agreeing frozen fish dates sparks hot debate

The new EU Regulation 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (FIC) shall apply from December 13, 2014. Under the new rules, the first date on which a fish was frozen must be labelled on pack.

• Publication date : 2014/10/21

CERN’s 50th anniversary

On October 19, 2004, CERN (Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire: European Organization for Nuclear Research) will officially celebrate its 50th anniversary in a ceremony to be attended by the Spanish, French and Swiss Heads of State, along with...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

The new e-Bulletin

Many of you are already aware that the Bulletin of the IIR is now being provided in electronic form. The new e-Bulletin, available via Internet, contains all the information provided in the paper version of the Bulletin: abstracts of articles and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Brief: Prof. Clark Bullard

Prof. Clark Bullard, President of the IIR's Commission B2, was awarded the UK Institute of Refrigeration (IoR) J & E Hall Gold Medal on February 9, 2005 during the IoR's prestigious 105th Anniversary Dinner held in London. This award for the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Briefs: Prof. Clark Bullard

During the Purdue Conferences held on July 12-15, 2010, Prof. Clark Bullard of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign received the Wilbur T. Pentzer Achievement and Leadership Award for outstanding contributions to the growth and...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) publishes two journals and a newsletter. This editorial focuses on the objectives of these publications that are changing fast in the case of two of them, thanks to new information technologies....

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Are you familiar with Fridoc, the IIR’s database?

Readers of the paper Bulletin (or the e-Bulletin) of the IIR are regularly informed on the latest articles and publications in all refrigeration fields, thanks to the Abstracts section. Fridoc now contains over 81 500 references to articles and...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Corporate and private membership of the IIR

If you're already a member, you will be aware of your member benefits. If you're not, here's a glimpse: private members get a free subscription to the International Journal of Refrigeration or the Bulletin of the IIR and corporate members get...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

IIR committee meetings

The Management Committee (MC) of the IIR met in Paris on November 29, 2005. On November 28, two other meetings took place: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Obituary: Maxime Duminil

The IIR expresses its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Maxime Duminil, who died at the age of 96. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

2006 was an important year for the IIR: the first phase in the updating of the Fridoc database, launching of the e-Bulletin, publication of a course, Refrigeration Fundamentals, the Red Book on frozen foods, a Bibliography on CO2, two Informatory...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

IIR Committee meetings

- The Management Committee (MC) of the IIR, chaired by H. van der Ree, met at the head office of the IIR on November 6, 2004. The MC held a large strategic debate on the future, the position of the IIR and communication to be developed,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Magnetic refrigeration: a promising technology

The IIR decided, a few years ago, to set up a Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, and has organized 4 conferences: in 2005 in Switzerland, in 2007 in Slovenia, in 2009 in the USA, in 2010 in China. We published articles in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR committees meetings in Cambridge

The Management Committee of the IIR met in Cambridge (UK) on March 19, 2005. It was invited by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and Cambridge Refrigeration Technology (CRT), thanks to Robert Heap. The main points discussed during were: - the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

2008, Refrigeration Year

Many events and actions have already been scheduled or have already taken place in various countries in order to celebrate the IIR's centenary and the 100th anniversaries of several national associations of refrigeration (France, the Netherlands,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Highlights from the 46th Montreal Protocol OEWG: Addressing Ozone Depletion and Climate Change Challenges

The 46th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Montreal from 8 to 12 July 2024. The IIR took part of the event.  

• Publication date : 2024/08/01

The IIR at the refrigeration forefront of EU projects

Generally involved in the dissemination process, the IIR makes use of its network, activities and services to promote worldwide the research outcomes of the EU projects.

• Publication date : 2015/03/03

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)