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IIR document

Calculated versus measured performance for a CO2 system.

• Author(s) : HEERUP C., FREDSLUND K
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Calculation, Control (automatic), R744, Supermarket, Performance, Energy saving
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Comfort-based optimal temperature setpoint calculation.

• Author(s) : HOLTHAUS A., RAFAIE M., ALSALEEM F.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermostat, Calculation, Building, Temperature, Simulation, Optimization, Modelling, Thermal comfort
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 5^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Calculation of internal flow in a compressor with valve motion.

• Author(s) : KAWABATA S., DEGUCHI R., MATSUURA H.
• Publication date: 2022/07/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calculation, Simulation, CFD, Compressor, Valve (compressor), Discharge
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 26^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Empirical calculation method for bypass leakage in scroll compressors.

• Author(s) : ISHII N., TSUJI T., NONOGUCHI E., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Seal, Calculation, Pressure, Leakage, Scroll compressor
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 23^rd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Steps toward standardized calculations of LCCP.

• Author(s) : LARMINAT P. de
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : TEWI, Standardization, Generality, Calculation, Water chiller, LCCP, GWP, CO2 emission, Energy efficiency
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Ammonia charge reduction potential in recirculating systems – calculations.

• Author(s) : KRISTOFERSSON J., VESTERGAARD N. P., SKOVRUP M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Recirculation, Safety, Calculation, Liquid, Design, R717, Low charge, Evaporator, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

A new method for calculating viscosity and solubility of lubricant-refrigerant mixtures.

• Author(s) : HUNG J-T., TSAIH J-S., TANG H-H.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Solubility, Calculation, Lubricant, Model, Mixture, Refrigerant
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Equations for refrigerants R134a viscosity and thermal conductivity calculation.

[In Ukrainian. / En ukrainien.]

• Author(s) : BOYCHUK A. S.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : Ukrainian
• Keywords : Viscosity, Thermal conductivity, R134a, Calculation, Refrigerant
• Source: Holodil'na Tehnika i Tehnologiâ - vol.51 - n.2

IIR document

Guideline for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) + calculation tool.

• Author(s) : HWANG Y., INFANTE FERREIRA C., PIAO C. C., AUTE V., TROCH S.
• Publication date: 2016
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LCCP, Global warming, Calculation, Heat pump, Air conditioning, Energy consumption, Recommendation
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dimensionnement des engins multi temperatures : calcul, methodologie, exemples, impact sur le dimensionnement.

Multi-temperature devices sizing: calculation, methodology, examples, sizing impact.

• Author(s) : SUQUET T., CAVALIER G., DEVIN E.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Software, Calculation, Mechanically refrigerated vehicle, Refrigerated transport, Design, Temperature
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Fast and simple calculation of thermodynamic properties of refrigerant using quadrilateral interpolation from preprocessed thermodynamic table.

• Author(s) : KIM C., CHOI S., LIM H., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Calculation, Thermodynamic property, Refrigerant
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Heat transfer coefficient distribution—a review of calculation methods.

• Author(s) : DUDA P.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer coefficient, Heat transfer, Mass transfer, CFD, Calculation, Distribution, Review
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - 9
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simple model for flow field division and flow structure calculation in a vortex tube.

• Author(s) : LI N., JIANG G., GAO N., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Vortex tube, Flow, Nozzle, Calculation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 139
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A general method for calculating the uncertainty of virtual sensors for packaged air conditioners.

• Author(s) : CHEUNG H., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2016/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sensor, Energy consumption, Calculation, Measurement, Air conditioner, Performance, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 63
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal single-ionic magnetic properties of materials calculated with atomic matters MFA computation system.

• Author(s) : MICHALSKI R., ZYGADLO J.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Calculation, Magnetocaloric material, Spin, Simulation, Magnetic property, Material
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

European Commission adopts new calculation methodology for renewable cooling

The European Commission has adopted a new calculation methodology in which the renewable share of cooling depends on energy performance. This should serve as an incentive for the...

• Publication date : 2022/01/10
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers

Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Supercomputer with advanced cooling system to support NASA moon missions

The new liquid-cooled Aitken supercomputer will run modeling and simulation workloads for lunar landings.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

Australia: a cool benchmarking tool

An online calculation tool to measure efficiency and reduce use of HVAC systems.

• Publication date : 2015/02/10

New heat pump life cycle performance assessment tool

The Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Technology Institute (AHRTI) developed a tool to calculate Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP), using Microsoft Excel.

• Publication date : 2012/06/27

100th anniversary of psychrometrics

The formula which underpins the relationship between temperature, humidity and dew point - the basis of all air conditioning calculations - marks its 100th anniversary.

• Publication date : 2011/12/28

Is GWP20 relevant?

At the 31st Open Ended Working Group of the Montreal Protocol meeting in Montreal in August 2011, a paper proposing to calculate GWP figures on a 20 rather than on a 100-year basis was released.

• Publication date : 2011/12/26
• Subjects: General information, Environment

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Thermo King’s Magnum container reefers

Thermo King's Magnum container reefers have been chosen by Hanjin Shipping based in South Korea. Hanjin has 12 dedicated terminals in Rotterdam, Long Beach, Tokyo, Kaohsiung, and Busan, among others, 7 inland logistic bases in locations such as...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

The sharp increase in refrigeration needs should be better reflected in public policies

Recently released degree-day indicators confirm the steady progression of cooling needs compared to heating in the EU. Globally, energy consumption from refrigeration (including air...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Environment

US increasing food waste

Food waste contributes to excess consumption of freshwater and fossil fuels which, along with methane and CO2 emissions from decomposing food, thus impact global climate change. In a recent paper published in the Public Library of Science ONE,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Net zero: some initiatives in the field of refrigeration

As part of the Race to Zero campaign launched by the UNFCCC, two initiatives on refrigeration have recently been promoted. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29
• Subjects: Environment

2010 ASHRAE Refrigerant Safety Standards

ASHRAE has published its 2010 editions of Refrigerant Safety Standards. In these editions, HFO-1234yf and 14 refrigerant blends have been added. An optional 2L flammability classification subclass has been added to the existing Class 2 category,...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production

A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Environment

Briefs: LCCP

The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI) has opened bidding for a new research project to establish a standardized methodology to calculate the Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) for stationary heating, ventilation,...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Discover the 32nd IIR Informatory Note on the “Harmonization of Life Cycle Climate Performance Methodology”

This Informatory Note summarises the LCCP guidelines prepared by the Working Group. It provides recommended assumptions and data sources for different types of units, presents the various existing LCCP tools and outlines usages and limitations of...

• Publication date : 2016/11/09

IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance

The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2016/01/27

New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain

The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.

• Publication date : 2021/06/07
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain

The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29
• Subjects: Developing country

News from IIR members: Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter

The Carrier CO2NSERVATION meter calculates avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of the installation of high efficiency Carrier air-conditioning, heating and refrigeration systems by customers around the world since 2000. Buildings in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

The IIR at the GCCA event

The IIR actively participated in the 25th European Cold chain conference organised by the Global Cold Chain Alliance in Rotterdam (Netherlands) on March 23-25, 2022.

• Publication date : 2022/03/28

The notoriety of the IJR increases further!

The impact factor of the International Journal of Refrigeration increases for the fourth consecutive year. 

• Publication date : 2022/09/28

Magnetic refrigeration: a promising technology

The IIR decided, a few years ago, to set up a Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, and has organized 4 conferences: in 2005 in Switzerland, in 2007 in Slovenia, in 2009 in the USA, in 2010 in China. We published articles in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Impact Factor of the International Journal of Refrigeration increases for yet another year

As a reflection of the quality of the journal, the Impact Factor (IF) of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) has improved for a consecutive year, increasing by 16% from 2.779 in 2016 to 3.233 in 2017.

• Publication date : 2018/08/31

Catch up on the IIR Working Group on LCCP evaluation in Chicago

IIR Working Group on Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) evaluation continues to make impressive headway.

• Publication date : 2015/02/11

IIR website: most downloaded publications in 2023

Discover the three most popular IIR publications of 2023. The focus is on the carbon footprint of the cold chain and cold rooms! 

• Publication date : 2024/02/27

IIR website: best downloads in 2022

Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Discover the ENOUGH tool

The software to optimise food quality, energy use and environmental impact of a food supply chain.

• Publication date : 2023/11/06

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams