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IIR document
Assessment of non-ideal chemical looping heat pump cycle.
Investigation of chemical looping for high efficiency heat pumping.
Energy density enhancement of chemical heat storage material for magnesium oxide/water chemical heat pump.
Thermodynamic analysis of an electrochemically driven chemical looping heat pump.
Evaluation of chemical looping heat pump cycle.
Recommended by the IIR
Chemical stability and equipment reliability impacts of R-13I1 (CF3I) in R-466A
Chemical compatibility of high performance engineering thermoplastics in compressor environments.
Comprehensive modeling of a chemical looping heat pump with a reverse fuel cell.
Techno-economic analysis for early-stage assessment of chemical looping heat pump technology.
A novel analytical accelerated life model to understand refrigerant chemical stability.
Experimental investigation of the Honigmann-process for thermo-chemical energy storage and conversion.
A numerical accelerated life methodology for understanding refrigerant chemical stability in HVACR systems.
Chemical stability investigations of low GWP refrigerants R-454B, R-454C, R-455A, R-468A, and R-466A with lubricant.
Dehydration and Hydration Reactivity of LiOH-modified Mg(OH)2 for Chemical Heat Storage.
Dehydration and hydration reactivity of La-based mixed hydroxides for chemical heat storage.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
139 results
Creation of Arkema: a new global chemical player
On October 1, 2004, Total put in place a new organization for its chemical business, marked by the creation of a new unit: Arkema, a new global chemical player. Hence, the chemical division is now divided into 3 business units. - Total...
Global fluorochemicals market
The global fluorochemicals industry was valued at USD 15.3 billion in 2011 and is expected to generate revenue of USD 21.5 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5% from 2012 to 2018.
Global fluorochemicals market expected to reach USD 25 billion by 2020
HCFC refrigerants still account for over 60% of the total fluorocarbon market worldwide, according to a new report.
Cryochemistry: chemical reactions accelerated by freezing
Surprisingly, some chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing. The possible applications of studying such cryoreactions include the food and pharmaceutical cold chain, as well...
World demand for fluorocarbons to rise annually by 3.4% through 2016
According to a recent market report on fluorochemicals by Freedonia, global demand for fluorine containing chemicals is forecast to rise 3.9% per year to 3.5 million tonnes in 2016, valued at USD 19.7 million.
Focus on the new refrigerant HCFO1224yd(z)
The Japanese chemicals manufacturer Asashi Glass Chemicals developed a new refrigerant as an alternative to R245fa.
REACH regulation: the restrictions proposed by five European states concern many alternative refrigerants
The European Chemicals Agency has been reviewing the proposed restrictions on PFAS, including some refrigerants, since February 7.
New NIST screening method for refrigerants
Researchers from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed a computational method to identify candidate low-GWP refrigerant fluids. The method identified 1234 promising low-GWP chemicals among 56 203 considered.
China: a direct leap from HCFCs to natural refrigerants?
Released for public consultation in June 2015 by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection, the First Catalogue of Recommended Substitutes for HCFCs lists 12 substitutes for HCFC refrigerants, foaming agents and detergents, ten of which are...
Assessing the effects of CO2 cryocapture
According to Physicists at the University of Oregon, refrigerating coal plant emissions would reduce CO2 emissions by 90%, and reduce levels of other dangerous chemicals such as SO2 and Mercury, but would raise electricity costs by about 25%.
US: EPA approves 3 hydrocarbon refrigerants for household and commercial uses
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has added 3 hydrocarbons as acceptable alternatives in household refrigerators and freezers, combination refrigerator-freezers, and commercial stand-alone units through EPA’s Significant New...
ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors
Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...
IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030
Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...
Incidents with fake refrigerants
Incidents involving fake refrigerants have hit the headlines on various occasions recently. The incidents often involve R40 (methyl chloride), a hazardous chemical compound, or other substances.
Brief: Creation of Arkema
Creation of Arkema: a new global chemical player On October 1, 2004, Total reorganized its chemical business into 3 business units. These include Total Petrochemicals and Specialties (the chemistry branch) and implied the creation of a new unit:...
IIR news
29 results
New publications: The French version of the Red Book
The French version of the Red Book (Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Frozen Foods) is on sale! The 4th edition of this IIR reference publication - prepared by Mr Leif Bøgh-Sørensen and several international experts - gives an...
Red Book on sale!
The Red Book (Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Frozen Foods) is one of the IIR's reference publications and one of its best sellers. The 4th edition - prepared by Mr Leif Bøgh-Sørensen and several international experts - presents...
New IIR members
The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members JBT FoodTech AB, Helsingborg, Sweden Playcube SARL, Paris, France Air Products & Chemicals Inc, Allentown PA, USA Private members Mr Michael Aarup, Denmark Dr Maria...
News from IIR members: IIAR
The International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) recently published an updated Introduction to Ammonia Refrigeration encompassing a background section and information on management and responsibilities, chemical safety, protective...
Briefs: Prof. Geoffrey Haselden
Prof. Geoffrey Haselden, past President of the IOR and Honorary Member of the IIR, died on February 2007, at the age of 82. He had been Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Leeds, UK, and President of IIR Commission...
Corporate Members: news
- Danfoss has experienced booming sales 18% growth over the first three quarters of 2007. Sales reached 2.2 billion €. Growth in China and Latin America was particularly positive and end of year sales are expected to top 3 billion €.
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet
The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...
News from IIR members: Air Liquide: fast expansion in Turkey
Turkey has a dynamic economy with a growth rate of 9% in 2010. Its industries are developing and diversifying, and the petrochemical sector is expanding.Air Liquide recently signed a long-term contract with the Turkish petrochemical Group...
The essential role of refrigeration in the combat against COVID-19
Statement of the International Institute of Refrigeration calling governments to consider refrigeration-related services as “essential services” in the context of the current health crisis due to COVID-19.
IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson
Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.
The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!
Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.
March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+
March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.
CRH 2015 - China Refrigeration 2015
Continued focus on providing persistent improvement and innovation in the HVAC&R industry. Highlights included a Demonstration Pavilion for cold chain solutions, Ozone2Climate Roadshow & Roundtable, and a side-event covering EU F-gas...
New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.
A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
