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IIR document

Experimental study on starch/tetradecane phase change material for cold energy storage.

• Author(s) : DELAHAYE A., HOANG H. M., LOURDIN D., MAIGRET J. E., CAPRON I., FOURNAISON L.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic modelling of formation/dissociation cycles of two-phase slurries in secondary refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : HOANG H. M., DELAHAYE A., FOURNAISON L., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Kinetic study of CO₂ hydrate formation based on heat transfer measurement.

• Author(s) : OSSWALD V., CLAIN P., DALMAZZONE D., FOURNAISON L.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^rd IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: (online) Vicenza, Italy, September 1-3, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CO₂ hydrates crystallization kinetic parametric study: effect of stirring rate and impeller type.

• Author(s) : OSSWALD V., CLAIN P., DELAHAYE A., FOURNAISON L.
• Publication date: 2024/05/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings:  Paris France, May 29-31, 2024.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A new formation kinetics study method of TBPB and CO2 hydrates based on DTA.

• Author(s) : CLAIN P., OSSWALD V., SPIGA O., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on the frost of the cold-trap in vacuum freeze-drying machines.

• Author(s) : ZOU T., MIAO Y., SUN Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Freeze-drying, Cold trap, Modelling, Expérimentation
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance of a cold transport system utilizing evaporation-freezing phenomena with a cold trap.

• Author(s) : SATOH I., SAITO T., SHIMA K.
• Publication date: 2004/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 27 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

Experimental study on the heat transfer performance of freeze-dryer's cold trap.

• Author(s) : DENG D., XU L.
• Publication date: 2003/04/22
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics and refrigeration. Proceedings of ICCR 2003.

IIR document

Formation of ozone ice by freezing water containing ozone micro-bubbles: investigation into the influence of surfactant on characteristics of ice containing oxygen micro-bubbles.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., SAMESHIMA K., TERAOKA Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 36 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation - heat transfer dominating the evaporation - freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics.

• Author(s) : SATOH I., FUSHINOBU K., HASHIMOTO Y.
• Publication date: 2002/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 25 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

VERY-LOW TEMPERATURE (-150 DEG C) REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH MIXED REFRIGERANTS.

• Author(s) : MATSUDA T., et al.
• Publication date: 1991/08/10
• Languages : English
• Source: New challenges in refrigeration. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Refrigeration, August 10-17, 1991, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Flow behavior and phase equilibrium of TBPB hydrate slurry in porous media for refrigeration application.

• Author(s) : CLAIN P., NDOYE F. T., DELAHAYE A., et al.
• Publication date: 2012/07/01
• Languages : English
• Source: 10^th International Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Kobe, Japan, July 29-August 1, 2012.
• Formats : PDF

Comportamiento de flujo y equilibrio de fases de las suspensiones de hidratos de TBPB (bromuro de tetra-n-butilfosfonio) en medios porosos para aplicaciones de refrigeración.

Flow behavior and phase equilibrium of TBPB hydrate slurry in porous media for refrigeration application.

• Author(s) : CLAIN P., NDOYE F. T., DELAHAYE A., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/07
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 41 - n. 460
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Progress in the characterization and optimization of a permanent magnet magnetic refrigerator.

• Author(s) : TURA A., ROWE A.
• Publication date: 2009/05/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 3rd International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature
• Formats : PDF

Lactic acid bacteria in an alginate film inhibit Listeria monocytogenes growth on smoked salmon.

• Author(s) : CONCHA-MEYER A., SCHÖBITZ R., BRITO C., et al.
• Publication date: 2011/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 22 - n. 3-4

Brief: Tetrapack

Tetrapak has launched a low-temperature ice-cream innovation based on a unique cold-kneading freezing process that creates fine-structured ice cream of improved quality and paves the way to production of new and healthier products. The Hoyer...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Novel desiccant materials for more energy-efficient AC systems

Teams of researchers at MIT and at Texas A&M University have developed novel desiccant materials that could lead to more energy-efficient and economical room air conditioners and...

• Publication date : 2021/04/28
• Subjects: Technology

CAL - NASA’s Space Cryocooler

NASA’s new facility, Cold Atom Lab (CAL), expected to reach effective temperatures down to 100 pico-Kelvin (pK), will be used for the study of ultra-cold quantum gases in the microgravity environment on the International Space Station (ISS). (en...

• Publication date : 2014/07/03

Radiative cooling coatings that can adapt to the seasons

A novel material can be used as a coating on building’s rooftops or windows to provide radiative cooling in the summer without overcooling in the colder months. 

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Technology

Quantum refrigerators: research is making progress

Two recent studies illustrate the progress of research on quantum refrigerators. Cooling applications for microelectronic compounds could be considered.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

World’s coldest molecules at Yale

According to a research article published in the journal Nature, physicists at Yale University have achieved the coldest ever molecules through direct cooling.

• Publication date : 2015/01/08

Coldest ever molecules

Physicists at Yale University claim to have achieved the coldest ever molecules through direct cooling.

• Publication date : 2014/10/01

German researchers approach absolute zero

Physicists at the University of Bremen, Germany have produced the lowest temperature ever recorded, at 38 picoKelvin, which is 38 trillionths of a degree above absolute zero.

• Publication date : 2021/11/15
• Subjects: Technology

AREA's "Vision&Strategy 2020" manifesto.

In its new document, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration European Association (AREA) has identified 6 key priorities.

• Publication date : 2014/12/22
• Subjects: Regulation

World refrigeration equipment market.

JARN predicts that the global refrigeration market value amounted to USD 90 billion in 2015.

• Publication date : 2017/02/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy

New GCCA 2013-2014 Global Cold Chain Directory

This comprehensive directory provides readers with a convenient way to find third-party logistics providers, contractors and suppliers in cold storage and distribution solutions.

• Publication date : 2013/11/19

An infographic shows what would happen if all technologies suddenly vanished

The Refrigeration School recently published The Refrigeration Apocalypse, an infographic showing the consequences of a failure of all cooling systems after different periods of time.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

The challenge of cold chain breaches in a medical setting

In an article published in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, researchers from the University of Canberra highlight the need for further research into the preservation of medicines and the maintenance of the cold chain.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

China’s expanding cold chain

According to a recent New York Times article on the cold chain in China, the country had less than 7.1 million m3 of refrigerated storage capacity in 2007 but is on track to having 20 times that by 2017.

• Publication date : 2014/12/23

Food cold chain: improving temperature control to reduce loss

Recent review articles provide an update on technologies to monitor temperature in the food cold chain, in order to avoid food loss during transport and...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress

SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.

• Publication date : 2023/10/27

Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market

At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...

• Publication date : 2024/11/15

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

In its latest Informatory Note, the IIR highlights the major and growing role of the refrigeration industry in the global economy, particularly in the areas of food, health, energy and the environment. It calls on policy makers to consider this...

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Abstract submissions open for the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020

Submit your abstracts online today for the next International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain

• Publication date : 2019/09/19

7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain – Call for Abstracts Now Open!

The call for abstracts is now open for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, which is due to take place in Newcastle (UK) on April 11-13, 2022.

• Publication date : 2021/07/27
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration - Call for abstract

Abstract submission for the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration is extended. ICR 2023 is scheduled from 21st to 25th August 2023 in Paris.

• Publication date : 2022/07/11

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

IIR member news: Danfoss

Overview of the key global trends in refrigerants in Danfoss new report.

• Publication date : 2014/11/21
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on Refrigerant Charge Reduction

Now available for IIR members! The 25th IIR Informatory Note, the latest in the series on Refrigeration Technologies.

• Publication date : 2014/05/28

Call for abstracts for the IIR International Rankine 2020 Conference

Submit your abstracts online today for the next Rankine Conference on Advances in Cooling, Heating and Power Generation. Deadline ends 13th September 2019.

• Publication date : 2019/05/21

New IIR publications: Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology

The French version of the IIR guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology will be published in November 2009; the goal of this guide is to provide practical ways of minimizing the energy consumption of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. The main themes are: design of low-refrigerant charge systems thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. Key themes include: design of low-refrigerant charge systems; thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

New IIR publications: Properties of Secondary Working Fluids for Indirect Systems

This expanded 2nd edition responds to rising use of secondary refrigerant systems used in many applications. It comprises comprehensive data on a number of aqueous solutions of ethylene and propylene glycol, ethanol, glycerol, ammonia, chlorides...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

News from the IIR WP on Mitigation of Emissions

Consult here the minutes of the first meeting of the IIR Working Party on Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration chaired by Per Lundqvist.

• Publication date : 2010/12/02

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction