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  • Ice storage

    The Paris Palais des Congrès, a vast building comprising a Congress centre, a hotel and a shopping mall is equipped with an ice storage system allowing it to optimize its power-bill management in winter, but also to shave summer peaks and to...

    • Publication date : 2007/11/20
  • Chillers: efficiency takes off

    Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

    • Publication date : 2008/10/25
  • Sorption chillers

    Sorption chiller technology is rapidly developing, especially that using solar energy. - As highlighted by Jacob and Kohlenbach* during the latest IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids in Sydney, in Europe, numerous new...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/07
  • Latest IPCC report predicts an increased risk of heatwaves

    The IPCC report published in February 2022 highlights several risks posed by rising temperatures, such as increased heat waves and greater energy demand for space...

    • Publication date : 2022/03/31
    • Subjects: Environment
  • Briefs: Water savings thanks to hybrid condensers

    Hybrid condensers offer significant water savings versus traditional water-cooled and evaporative condensers. They also make it possible to reduce energy consumption and refrigerant charge. In Australia, where water savings are a major issue since...

    • Publication date : 2007/08/05
  • Briefs: Optimized freight hub

    A new temperature-controlled freight hub in Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, was opened by Hellmann Worldwide Logistics on March 12, 2009. "The facility has been predicated on environmental, efficiency and energy-conscious criteria...

    • Publication date : 2009/05/18
  • Marine refrigeration

    The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...

    • Publication date : 2007/11/20
  • Hydrocarbons as refrigerants in air conditioning

    Presentation of several initiatives to develop the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants – especially propane – in air conditioning in India, Indonesia, Ghana, Costa Rica and the Philippines.

    • Publication date : 2019/11/29
  • For IIR members only

    Data centres: the challenges of energy-efficient chip cooling

    Innovative liquid cooling solutions are under development to further reduce energy consumption in the ever-growing number of data centres. 

    • Publication date : 2024/01/26
    • Subjects: Technology
  • Efficient mine cooling

    Bluhm Burton Engineering (BBE) is currently implementing energy management ventilation and refrigeration systems for mines to reduce overall and to manage energy consumption. BBE's Director, Raymond Funnell, has underscored that there is a boom in...

    • Publication date : 2008/05/13
  • Eco-friendly cooling for Tokyo’s Haneda Airport

    The new international terminal of Haneda Airport opened in October 2010. It uses a combination of geothermal energy, solar power and cogeneration systems to reduce energy consumption and is also the first airport to use sodium sulphur (NaS)...

    • Publication date : 2011/06/01
  • Climate control in the Gibraltar tunnel project

    A project for a tunnel linking Punta Paloma in Spain and Malabata Point in Morocco and currently in preparatory phase raises some interesting and crucial climate control issues. Governments of both nations appointed the Swiss engineer Giovanni...

    • Publication date : 2008/05/13
  • Autonomous systems for refrigerated transport

    The refrigerated transport sector is looking for solutions to reduce fuel consumption, refrigerant emissions and noise emissions. - Autonomous systems cooled by cryogenic secondary coolants offer alternatives. A system developed in Germany uses...

    • Publication date : 2009/02/25
  • H-fluid as an alternative to HFC-134a?

    The new European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles - which bans F-gases with a GWP higher than 150 (such as HFC-134a) as of 2011 for new models of cars - and Californian legislation which is putting...

    • Publication date : 2006/11/15
  • Solar cooling: Developing countries

    In order to help Jean-Louis Julliard, a French producer, market local-fish precooked meals in Mali, Lionel Bataille improved existing solar-cooling technology developed by a CNRS laboratory in Perpignan, France. The cooling system used a...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/04
  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)