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IIR document

A control-oriented hybrid model for a direct expansion air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : WANG X., XU X.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Direct expansion, Artificial neural network, Control (automatic), Performance, Modelling, Air conditioning
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison of direct expansion and combined direct expansion and organic Rankine cycle for power generation by utilizing LNG cold energy.

• Author(s) : JUBIL J., KANCHAN C.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Organic Rankine cycle, Exergy, Direct expansion, Recovery, Power, LNG, Gasification, Energy efficiency
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Direct expansion or chilled water. Which is better?

• Author(s) : NALL D. H.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Generality, Building, Direct expansion, Heat pump, Air conditioning, Chilled water
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 9

IIR document

The influences of the operating characteristics of an Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV) on the operational stability of an EEV controlled direct expansion air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : XIA Y., DENG S.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electronic expansion valve, Direct expansion, Stability, Parameter, Expérimentation, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 69
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal performance of ground source heat pumps that use direct expansion system.

• Author(s) : TAKEDA T., TANAKA D., YOKOYAMA D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, Direct expansion, Ground, Heat pump, Performance, Testing, COP
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Low charge ammonia systems designed as direct expansion.

• Author(s) : ELSTROM M.
• Publication date: 2021/09/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, R717, Evaporator, Low charge, Low GWP, Cold storage, Australia, Case study, Direct expansion
• Source: 9^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, 16-17 September, 2021
• Formats : PDF

A modeling study on the operational stability of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : XIA Y., DENG S.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Sensor, Electronic expansion valve, Variable speed, Direct expansion, Stability, Air conditioning
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance comparison of a vertical direct expansion geothermal evaporator: PART II, multiple U-pipes.

• Author(s) : ESLAMI-NEJAD P., CIMMINO M., NGUYEN A., BADACHE M., BASTANI A.
• Publication date: 2020/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Evaporator, Direct expansion, CO2, Performance, Geothermy, Comparison, R744, R410A
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 116
• Formats : PDF

Further study on the inherent operating characteristics of a variable speed direct expansion air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XU X., DENG S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Correlation, Air conditioner, Variable speed, Direct expansion
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 66 - n. 1-2

Investigation of energy-efficient strategy for direct expansion air-cooled air conditioning systems.

• Author(s) : VAKILOROAYA V., SAMALI B., PISHGHADAM K.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioner, Direct expansion, Air-cooled exchanger, Simulation, Performance, Energy saving
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 66 - n. 1-2

A gray-box dynamic modeling method for variable speed direct-expansion systems.

• Author(s) : LIU H., CAI J.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Variable speed, Direct expansion, Heat pump, Expérimentation, Refrigerant charge, Evaporator, Condenser
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A hierarchical gray-box dynamic modeling methodology for direct-expansion cooling systems to support control stability analysis.

• Author(s) : LIU H., CAI J., KIM D.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Direct expansion, Vapour, Compression, Stability, Control (generic), Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 133
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development of a steady-state physical-based mathematical model for a direct expansion based enhanced dehumidification air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : CHEN W., CHAN M. Y., WENG W., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air conditioning, Evaporator, Modelling, Direct expansion, Dehumidification
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 91
• Formats : PDF

Direct expansion solar assisted heat pumps: a clean steady state approach for overall performance analysis.

• Author(s) : TAGLIAFICO L. A., SCARPA F., VALSUANI F.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Direct expansion, Heat pump, Performance, Solar energy, Control (generic), Heating
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 66 - n. 1-2

IIR document

Influence of subcooling on performance of direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump.

• Author(s) : WANG B., KONG X., YAN X., SHANG Y., LI Y.
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Solar energy, Solar cooling, Direct expansion, Subcooling, Expérimentation, Modelling, Performance, COP
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 122
• Formats : PDF

A low charge direct expansion evaporator system configured to use less ammonia

A US-based meat processor operates a cold storage facility that uses just 1 kg approx ammonia per kW.

• Publication date : 2018/05/17

ICR2019: overview of current refrigeration research topics (part III)

Energy storage, desiccant air conditioning, high-temperature heat pumps and ejector technologies were some of the salient topics of the latest IIR Congress. Continuation of the synthesis of key presentations of ICR2019.

• Publication date : 2019/10/30

French supermarkets turn to ice slurries

- Carrefour 's Collégien, France, hypermarket is using indirect refrigeration for over 6100 m 2 out of a total 15 000 m 2 surface area: CO 2 (in a 4-loop system) for temperatures below 0°C (refrigerating capacity: 232 kW) and ice slurries...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Intense competition for the next-generation MAC refrigerant

Less than 3 years before the January 1, 2011 deadline for using fluorinated gases (F-gases) with a GWP higher than 150 in the new models of cars according to the European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

2004 Climate Protection Award

Since 1998, the Climate Protection Award is awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of achievements in protecting the Earth's climate. On April 13, 2004, this award was presented to 12 international individuals and...

• Publication date : 2004/05/25

CO2 applications: First commercial CO2 system in Latin America

Last April Verdemar supermarket chain inaugurated its fifth store in the suburb of Jardim Canada, Nova Lima -Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is the first Latin American supermarket that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. Its Skyrack Breeze, developed...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Briefs: US supermarkets: CO2 gains ground

Being already largely used in Europe, CO2 refrigeration systems might see important development in North American supermarkets. The medium-size retail chain Price Chopper Supermarkets has installed a cascade system using CO2 in the low-temperature...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressors

This new compressor technology - presented at the 2003 AHR Expo in Chicago - may have a significant effect on the future of mid-range chillers and rooftop applications in water-cooled, evaporatively cooled and air-cooled chilled-water and...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

CO2 Supermarkets

The journal Die Kälte und Klimatechnik has just produced an article on the opening of a supermarket using refrigeration installations for the first time running on direct expansion CO2 with both medium and low temperatures in Wettingen,...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Integrated CO2-CHP system

Brunel - a UK University - and 14 industrial partners in the commercial refrigeration sector have presented an innovative integrated energy system which has been designed to meet the needs of medium and large supermarkets and can be tailored to...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling

In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/28
• Subjects: Technology

2005 AHR Expo Innovation award winners

The winners of the third annual AHR (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration) Expo Innovation awards will be honoured during a ceremony during the 2005 AHR Expo in Orlando, Florida, on February 8, 2005. The product entries were judged for...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Slight increase in global LNG trade in 2020

Global LNG trade continued to grow in 2020 albeit at a slower pace than the previous year. Meanwhile, orders for LNG-powered vessels have increased significantly.

• Publication date : 2021/10/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioning) market within the EMEA zone

The CRAC market accounts for 30,000 sold units in 2014, i.e as many as in 2013 within the EMEA zone. Like in 2013, 80% of the market is dominated by Europe.

• Publication date : 2016/02/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

Energy is one of the main strategic challenges of this century, both in terms of the impact of energy consumption on the environment (greenhouse effect) and above all in terms of the risk of shortages with respect to our society's needs (limited...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

EPTA S.P.A. continues to grow in Germany with the acquisition of heifo refrigeration activities

The European expansion of one of the leading companies in commercial refrigeration continues with an increasingly capillary service for its customers in the north of Germany.

• Publication date : 2023/10/02
• Subjects: Technology

Member news: Latest news from Danfoss

Danfoss is improving its range of electric expansion valves and has started construction of an energy-efficient supermarket. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex

The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution. 

• Publication date : 2022/03/29

The long awaited ICR2015 is underway!

Held every four years, this year ICR2015 welcomes 1,011 conference delegates from 55 countries, making it a truly global refrigeration event.

• Publication date : 2015/08/19

The IIR worldwide (may 2019)

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29

Three educational and awareness-raising events within the framework of INDEE+ project in 2021

For the INDEE+ project, the end of the year 2021 was marked by several educational events aiming to raise awareness of the application of clean cooling systems offered by the CO2/R744 refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

IJR Editorial: The IIR on the board of the international network of women in cooling

Women are significantly and visibly under-represented in the refrigeration industry. A preliminary evaluation has demonstrated that around 6% of women are members of national refrigeration and air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2023/01/09

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)