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A Review of the Latest Trends in the Use of Green Ammonia as an Energy Carrier in Maritime Industry.

• Author(s) : MALLOUPPAS G., LOANNOU C., YFANTIS E. Ar.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Comparison on evaporation heat transfer between R32/R1234yf and R32/R1234ze(E) flowing in horizontal microfin tubes.

• Author(s) : NAKAMURA S., KONDOU C., TAKATA N., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Fan coil units-Inside out.

• Author(s) : NANDI A. K.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 17 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental liquid densities of cis-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234ze(Z)) and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1233zd(E)).

• Author(s) : ROMEO R., GIULIANO ALBO P. A., LAGO S., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 79
• Formats : PDF

Effects of tube shape on boiling heat transfer of low-pressure refrigerant R1233zd(E) outside horizontal tubes.

• Author(s) : FUKUDA S., SHIMIZU Y., MIYOSHI N., HASEGAWA Y.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Speed of sound measurement for R-1336mzz(Z) and R-1233zd(E) in the liquid phase.

• Author(s) : NISHIYAMA T., KURANARI T., GAO L., HIGASHI Y., AKASAKA R.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation of the first prototype ejector refrigeration system with HFO-1234ze(E).

• Author(s) : SMIERCIEW K., GAGAN J., BUTRYMOWICZ D., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 110

IIR document

Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of low GWP refrigerants in plate heat exchangers.

• Author(s) : KIM Y., LEE D. C.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Pool boiling heat transfer of low GWP refrigerants R1234ze(E), R1234ze(Z) and R1233zd(E) on a horizontal plane tube.

• Author(s) : NAGATA R., NII N., KONDOU C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

The value of frozen cartilage tissues without cryoprotection for genetic conservation.

• Author(s) : CETINKAYA G., HATIPOGLU I., ARAT S.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 1

Investigation of frictional pressure drop during flow boiling of R1234ze (E) in horizontal tube.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : QIU J., ZHANG H., YU X., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 37 - n. 167
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis of low GWP refrigerants in a novel direct expansion solar assisted ejector heat pump system.

• Author(s) : ZOU L., LIU Y., YU J.
• Publication date: 2023/04/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 3^rd IIR conference on HFO Refrigerants and low GWP Blends. Shanghai, China.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experiences with next generation low GWP refrigerants in screw chillers.

• Author(s) : SCHULTZ K., SORENSON E., HERRIED M.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An experimental study on the evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop of R-1234ze(E) in a shell and plate heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : JO C., LEE D. C., KIM D., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental comparison of the heat transfer performance of R134a and R1234ze(E) in a hybrid film evaporator.

• Author(s) : CENSI G., GIANCOTTI L., PADOVAN A.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: English pears all year round

Tesco, a UK-based retailer, has announced the availability of English pears all year round. Until now, the autumn fruit, which some consider the best in the world, was only available from September-May. Tesco's biggest pear supplier, Adrian...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressors

This new compressor technology - presented at the 2003 AHR Expo in Chicago - may have a significant effect on the future of mid-range chillers and rooftop applications in water-cooled, evaporatively cooled and air-cooled chilled-water and...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

100 years of superconductivity

April 8, 2011 marked the 100th anniversary of the discovery of superconductivity by Heike Kammerlingh Onnes. Working in his lab at Leiden University on April 8, 1911, he was experimenting with the electrical...

• Publication date : 2011/07/26

Compressors: Oil-free linear compressor

Linear technology could become the predominant energy-efficient refrigeration compressor design, according to Brazilian manufacturer Embraco which unveiled a domestic compressor offering linear technology with variable capacity, eliminating the...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Briefs: Magnetic-levitation bearing system

The world's first large tonnage magnetic-levitation bearing air-cooled chiller for air conditioning is being installed in the American Embassy in Tokyo. The 2520-kW chiller plant consists of 12 MagLev Chiller modules. OBO, which installed it,...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Eurofreeze Contest for Young Researchers

The International Workshop Eurofreeze 2005 on Individual Quick Freezing of Foods was held in Sofia (Bulgaria) on January 13-15, 2005. It was organized by the Refrigeration Science and Technology Division of the Technical University of Sofia, with...

• Publication date : 2005/04/26

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council, set up on May 3, 2005, forms the basis for coordinated intermodal research strategy for Europe. Composed of some 50 key players from large intermodal businesses, intermodal rail and road...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Briefs: Cryogenic treatment of heart diseases

Russia has made its first steps in the cryogenic treatment of heart arrhythmia. A new method was recently implemented by specialists at the V. A. Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre in St. Petersburg. Cryotechnology is used for...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Briefs: ARTI's 21st Century Research Program

During the 2004 ASHRAE Winter meeting in Anaheim, results from several research projects initiated under the ARTI (Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute) 21st Century Research Program - initiated by ARI (Air-Conditioning and...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

The heart inspires a new cooling system

In August 2004, at the Micro Nano Breakthrough Conference in Portland, engineers from Oregon State University in the US, presented a new successful desorption system using branching microchannels. The system was inspired by the human blood pumping...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Briefs: ASHRAE to fund research on CO2

For the first time, ASHRAE is to support research on CO2 (R744) in industrial refrigeration. Thanks to an USD 90 000 grant from ASHRAE, Washington State University (WSU) will conduct research on heat exchangers for sub-critical applications over a...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

GeoExchange coalition: promoting earth-energy heat pumps

A coalition for the promotion of earth-energy heat pumps, called the GeoExchange Coalition has been formed in Canada. Five electric utilities formed this coalition in an effort to significantly increase the number of annual installations for...

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

US research projects to cut AC energy consumption

The 15 projects selected by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) – within the Building Energy Efficiency Through Innovative Thermodevices (BEETIT) are developing new approaches and technologies for building cooling equipment and air...

• Publication date : 2012/09/19

Brief: Transfrigoroute International is 50 years old!

Its 24th Congress took place in Amsterdam (the Netherlands) on September 22-24, 2005. The President of Transfrigoroute International, the President of Commission D2 and the Director of the IIR met in order to reinforce the partnership agreement...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Directories: European Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Yearbook

This directory enables refrigeration and air-conditioning practitioners to contact manufacturers, contractors, logistics specialists, trade organizations and training centres. agpubli@wanadoo.fr

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

2008, Refrigeration Year

Many events and actions have already been scheduled or have already taken place in various countries in order to celebrate the IIR's centenary and the 100th anniversaries of several national associations of refrigeration (France, the Netherlands,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson

Dr S  Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

ICCC2022 - early bird rate ending soon

Only seven days left to take advantage of early bird rates for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2022).

• Publication date : 2022/02/18
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment, HFCs alternatives

Briefs: Philippe Lebrun is “Engineer of the Year”

Philippe Lebrun, a member of the Management Committee of the IIR and Head of Section A of the IIR (Cryology and Gas Processing), was awarded the "Prix Ingénieur de l'Année 2010" in the "Science" category, by the French magazine Usine...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity

The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.

• Publication date : 2016/01/06

The First Students and Researchers Network!

During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2011/09/19

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants

Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Happy New Year 2024!

The year 2023 is ending on a high note for the refrigeration sector. At the Conference of the Parties on Climate Change in Dubai, a global call was made for action to promote the sustainable development of refrigeration, which is both essential...

• Publication date : 2024/01/04
• Subjects: General information

Happy New Year 2022!

Best wishes from the IIR.

• Publication date : 2021/12/23

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

The IIR at the heart of magnetic refrigeration

Magnetic refrigeration technology proves more alluring than ever: conferences, workshops and research projects continue to make waves.

• Publication date : 2015/03/25

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

Up to 20% discount on refrigeration market research!

Being part of the IIR gives you even more benefits with discounts of up to 20% on refrigeration market research studies.

• Publication date : 2014/10/23

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)