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 Analytical modelling of an indirect evaporative cooler based on the Maisotsenko cycle for hvac applications. 

 Analytical modelling of an indirect evaporative cooler based on the Maisotsenko cycle for hvac applications. 

• Author(s) : RAMÍREZ R. J., ARRANZ C. G., OPOLOT M., LEE S., ZHAO C.
• Publication date: 2024/06/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 12^th CYTEF Congress - Ibero-American Congress of Refrigeration Science and Technology.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal comfort and productivity for the future HVAC.

• Author(s) : TANABE S. I.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimized approach for CFD simulations of HVAC systems with grill air diffusers.

• Author(s) : VERA J., SCHILLACI E., RIGOLA J., OLIET C.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Minimizing data collection for field calibration of steady-state virtual sensors for HVAC equipment.

• Author(s) : CHEUNG H., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 69
• Formats : PDF

Development and characterization of nanocomposite membranes for next-generation air dehumidification technologies.

• Author(s) : HEIDARI S., MISHRA A., CORREA MARTINS M. A., OH J., BALARAMAN A., RAHMAN A., ZIVIANI D., BRAUN J., WARSINGER D. M.
• Publication date: 2024/07/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 20^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Ahorro energético en sistemas de motores eléctricos y su aplicación al sector HVAC.

Energy savings in electric engine systems and their application to the HVAC sector.

• Author(s) : MORENA CANCELA J.
• Publication date: 2016/04
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 44 - n. 490
• Formats : PDF

Chemical Stability of HFO and HCO Refrigerants.

• Author(s) : LEEHEY M. H., KUJAK S., COLLINS C.
• Publication date: 2024/07/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 20^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The impact of global warming on UK convenience stores and their challenges and opportunities to adapt.

• Author(s) : EID E., SAYAHI M., FOSTER A., MARQUES C., LAGOEIRO H., EVANS J., MAIDMENT G.
• Publication date: 2025/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the performance characteristics of a refrigeration system operating on contaminated R404A refrigerant.

• Author(s) : GIL B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

El futuro de la certificación y de los servicios de la evaluación de la conformidad en el sector hvac.

The future of certification and conformity assessment services in the HVAC sector.

• Author(s) : MUNOZ SANCHEZ F.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Generalizability of a machine-learning fault classifier utilizing a practical set of features for rooftop units.

• Author(s) : UDDIN R., YUILL D. P., WILLIAMS R. E.
• Publication date: 2024/07/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 20^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Predicting vapor injected compressor performance using artificial neural networks.

• Author(s) : KHAN A., BRADSHAW C. R., SCHMITT J., LANGEBACH R.
• Publication date: 2024/07/18
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 27^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

 Analysis of influencing parameters on an off-design indirect evaporative cooling model. 

• Author(s) : ANDRÉS-CHICOTE M., TOJERO-GONZÁLEZ A., VELASCO-GÓMEZ E.
• Publication date: 2024/06/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 12^th CYTEF Congress - Ibero-American Congress of Refrigeration Science and Technology.
• Formats : PDF

Performance comparison of different circuitries for the TriCoil^TM three-fluid heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : MOSTAFA Z., ALGHAMDI K. I., SPITLER J. D., BACH C. K.
• Publication date: 2024/07/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 20^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Impact analysis of transitioning to heat pump rooftop units for the U.S. commercial building stock.

• Author(s) : CARADONNA C., PARKER A., MEYER R.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Indian HVAC market

Commercial refrigeration represents 78% of the Indian air-conditioning market

• Publication date : 2013/03/19
• Subjects: Figures, economy

World HVAC Equipment Market

World demand for HVAC equipment is expected to rise 6.1% per year through 2016

• Publication date : 2012/11/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Briefs: HVAC Asia 2008

HVAC Asia 2008 will be held in Singapore on July 2-4, 2008 and 15 000 visitors are expected. hqlink@singnet.com.sg, www.hqlink.com

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

India’s largest HVAC project

ETA Engineering is to install the HVAC system in Terminal 3 in Dehli International Airport, at a price of around 100 million USD. Due to be completed in September 2009 and to be handed over in March 2010, the 450 000 m² facility will be cooled by...

• Publication date : 2008/10/14

Europe: 2012 HVAC-R market trends

Eurovent Market Intelligence (EMI) has just released 2012 trends for the European heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration market.

• Publication date : 2012/09/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Europe: 1st quarter 2013 HVAC-R market trends

Eurovent Market Intelligence (EMI) has just released the latest trends for the European HVAC&R market.

• Publication date : 2013/05/31
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Europe: 4th quarter 2012 HVAC-R market trends

Eurovent Market Intelligence (EMI) has just released the latest trends for the European HVAC&R market.

• Publication date : 2013/02/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

HVAC market in the United States: figures and perspectives

A market study published in November 2011 by Freedonia, provides figures on the current market and perspectives until 2015.

• Publication date : 2012/03/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

US HVACR sector news

- According to the US Department of Labor (DOL), Bureau of Labor Statistics, heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanics and installers held about 249 000 jobs in 2002 in the US. This sector has the fastest expected growth rate in the...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

United States: the HVACR workforce on the rise in 2023

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of technicians employed in the heating and refrigeration sector in the US rose by 6% between 2022 and 2023. 

• Publication date : 2024/09/27

Market: EMEA HVAC&R market data: low profile

Eurovent Market Intelligence (EMI), a European statistics bureau, recently published HVAC&R sales results in the Europe and Middle East zone (EMEA). The air-handling-unit market amounted to € 1.5 billion in 2009, despite a drop of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Trends and Figures: HVAC&R Industry is big in Australia

A new Cold Hard Facts report makes up for the lack of previous data concerning the Australian HVAC&R industry and reveals the crucial importance of the sector in the national economy. For instance, the study values the direct spending of the...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Next-generation HVAC technologies

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recently announced nearly USD 8m to advance research and development of next-generation HVAC technologies offering significant energy and cost savings in new and existing buildings.

• Publication date : 2015/10/23
• Subjects: Technology

HVAC-R in Brazilian market

HVAC marketing indexes have been raising for seven years. For instance, comparatively to 2008, HVAC sales tax during 2015 increased 43% on average.

• Publication date : 2016/06/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The global HVAC equipment market

The global HVAC equipment market is expected to exceed USD 139 billion by 2018, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.9% from 2012 to 2018.

• Publication date : 2013/10/28
• Subjects: Figures, economy

International events: HVAC

An IIR event, HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference, was organized in Melbourne by AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating), on September 17-19, 2008. Various topics were covered: the rating of energy...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

IIR with INWIC at the WiHVACR Annual Conference

From 6th to 8th November 2023, the 20th Women in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (WiHVACR) Annual Conference was held in Jacksonville, United States...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

The 52nd International HVACR Congress

Focus on the latest event in which the IIR participated as co-sponsor: the 52nd International HVACR Congress.

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

50th HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition in Serbia

The 50th HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition, cosponsored by the IIR, took place on December 4-6, 2019 in Belgrade.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

Daikin’s Konwakai Summit Explores the Future of Sustainable HVAC&R Systems

This Summit gathered Daikin experts, policymakers, and top scientists to discuss advancing sustainable HVAC&R technologies and the industry’s role in reducing environmental...

• Publication date : 2025/01/29
• Subjects: General information

Highlights from the 52nd International HVACR Congress and Exhibition

The opening ceremony of the 52nd International HVACR Congress and Exhibition was led by the President of the Association for HVAC and by the Vice President of the Serbian Union of Mechanical and...

• Publication date : 2022/05/05
• Subjects: General information

Register for Free: 51st International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition

This event brings together representatives from all professions involved in the planning, construction and installation of energy systems in buildings.

• Publication date : 2020/11/30

Discover the winners of the prestigious awards presented at the 51st HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition

Despite being organised under particular circumstances this year, the Congress maintained high interest from key refrigeration stakeholders across Europe.

• Publication date : 2021/01/26

IIR engages in key discussions at ASHRAE Winter Conference 2025

The IIR took an active role in the 2025 ASHRAE Winter Conference, where global refrigeration and HVAC leaders gathered to explore advancements in sustainable technologies, industry challenges, and future...

• Publication date : 2025/02/21
• Subjects: General information

Daikin launches educational initiative on next-generation refrigerants

Daikin Comfort Technologies partners with the ESCO Institute to prepare the HVAC industry for the use of low global warming potential refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

INDEE+ in ACREX

Last month, INDEE+ participated in the 23rd edition of ACREX India in Delhi, focused on the theme “Powering Global HVAC Supply Chain”.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe

Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at

• Publication date : 2023/05/11
• Subjects: General information

Conference update: Melbourne

IIR 2008 - HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference will be held in Melbourne on September 18-19, 2008. This cutting-edge event will cover solar air conditioning and heating of buildings, comfort and indoor environmental quality in energy...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference update: Melbourne

IR 2008 - HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference will be held in Melbourne on September 18-19, 2008. This cutting-edge event will cover solar air conditioning and heating of buildings, comfort and indoor environmental quality in energy...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs