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IIR document

Challenges and opportunities in the introduction of an affordable refrigerator for Africa.

• Author(s) : TANSLEY I.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (Online). Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of friction and wear on PVE refrigeration lubricants for HFC refrigerants.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO T., KANEKO M., KAWAGUCHI Y.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Energy efficiency improvement approaches in ice related processes.

• Author(s) : CHEEKATAMARLA P., SUN H.
• Publication date: 2024/07/17
• Languages : English
• Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 20^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

The Energy Cost of Cold Thermal Discomfort in the Global South

• Author(s) : ALNUAIMI A. N., NATARAJAN S.
• Publication date: 2020/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Buildings - vol. 10 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

Issues in performance measurement of CO2 compressor near the critical point.

• Author(s) : LEE J., BAIK S., CHO S. K., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Influence of occupancy-oriented interior cooling load on building cooling load design.

• Author(s) : DING Y., WANG Z., FENG W., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/03/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 96

IIR document

Thermal loss estimation for active magnetic regenerator aiming at railway air-conditioner application.

• Author(s) : MIYAZAKI Y., IKEDA K., WAKI K., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryogenic safety valves to protect systems in ITER during quench.

• Author(s) : BOERSCH M., DRACHE J., WEBER D.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Linking Indoor Thermal Comfort with Climate, Energy, Housing, and Living Conditions: Portuguese Case in European Context.

• Author(s) : DELGADO J., MATOS A. M., GUIMARÃES A. S.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 16
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A research on the dryout characteristics of CO2'S flow boiling heat transfer process in mini-channels.

• Author(s) : JIANG L., LIU J., ZHANG L., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 83
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Three dimensional modelling of water and salting kinetics in dry-cured ham for improved quality control.

• Author(s) : KVALSVIK K. H., BANTLE M., STAVSET O.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Personalized shading control strategy to maximize occupant satisfaction while minimizing lighting energy use by multi-objective optimization.

• Author(s) : XIONG J., LEE S., TZEMPELIKOS A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Operational test of bonded magnetocaloric plates.

• Author(s) : BAHL C. R. H., NAVICKAITE K., BEZ H. N., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 76
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Implementing absorption refrigeration cycle in lieu of DMR and C3MR cycles in the integrated NGL, LNG and NRU unit.

• Author(s) : GORBAHNI B., HAMEDI M-H., AMIDPOUR M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 77
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental results and design guidelines for minichannel condensers using hydrocarbons.

• Author(s) : DEL COL D., AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

An alternative metal alloy for magnetic refrigeration?

A new metal alloy which does not use rare-earth elements could lead to commercially viable magnetic refrigeration systems.

• Publication date : 2015/12/07

Individual air conditioning for aircraft seats

Fraunhofer partner Gentherm has developed an air-conditioned seat for business-class.

• Publication date : 2018/05/18

Shape memory alloys: cooling with metal muscles

Researchers from the University of Saarland (Germany) are constructing an optimized prototype for an air-cooling system in which heat and cold are transferred using “muscles” made from a nickel-titanium alloy thanks to the elastocaloric effect.

• Publication date : 2016/08/19

Recent ENOUGH project publication on food sector emissions provides objective comparison across EU countries, sector and emission scopes

A team of researchers from the ENOUGH consortium (London South Bank University – UK, CNR Construction Technology Institute – Italy, SINTEF Ocean – Norway, INRAE – France, IIR) recently published a comprehensive...

• Publication date : 2025/12/16
• Subjects: Environment

Intelligent fridges

- It is estimated that networked fridges will be widely used by 2015. How do consumers feel about such fridges that monitor product use, create shopping lists and arrange deliveries online? A recent survey involving 4600 shoppers in 8 countries...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Applications of artificial intelligence to refrigeration plants

A paper from the IIR TPTPR conference presents the energy performance and maintenance benefits of 19 refrigeration plants using artificial intelligence techniques.

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to refrigeration systems

AI techniques, which are currently very topical, are the subject of intense research and development. Overview of their applications and benefits in the refrigeration sector, based on the latest articles...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Technology

UK: Artificial intelligence and data centre cooling

Data centre traffic being on the rise, many companies are looking at how they can use artificial intelligence to make their data centres more efficient.

• Publication date : 2018/05/16

Active, intelligent and smart packaging sales trends

Visiongain, a business information provider, forecasts that increasing health awareness, rising food and safety concerns and improved purchasing power in emerging economies will drive growth on the active, intelligent and smart packaging market.

• Publication date : 2013/01/30

Out of the ordinary: Intelligent mini fridge

Check out this intelligent mini fridge named “Cool Friend”. Designed by Päivi Alatalo, the fridge will not only keep your food fresh and cool, but will also serve you drinks wherever you like in your home. With a mobile phone, the fridge can...

• Publication date : 2011/06/09

Artificial intelligence techniques for energy-efficient HVAC systems

The benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems was one of the hot topics of the IIR-co-sponsored International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Intelligent HVACR...

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

New standards for “intelligent” ACs implemented in China

China implements new standard to officially define and set technological requirements for intelligent ACs. Additionally, a Chinese air-conditioning manufacturer is the first company in China to achieve a global...

• Publication date : 2020/06/26
• Subjects: Regulation

As of 2019, the EU countries will be obliged to collect and recycle up to 85% of refrigerators and freezers

As of 2019, the EU countries will be obliged to collect and recycle up to 85% of refrigerators, freezers and other electrical and electronic equipment following the endorsement of the revised Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)...

• Publication date : 2012/07/02
• Subjects: Regulation

New framework aims to standardise research on evaporative cooling technologies

Evaporative cooling is gaining increasing attention as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional air conditioning. A new scientific study by an international team of researchers, including Anna Pacak,...

• Publication date : 2026/03/19
• Subjects: Technology

Optimisation of a heat pump for satellite cooling

Satellites are deployed into near earth orbit in order to provide a platform for a wide range of missions, including telecommunications systems, surveillance systems and astronomical systems.These systems have seen a large increase in...

• Publication date : 2015/06/19

Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future

The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31.  It...

• Publication date : 2020/08/19
• Subjects: Technology

In Memoriam: Joe Paul

Prof. Joachim (Joe) Paul, Delegate of Denmark since 2003 and President of the IIR’s Executive Committee and Management Committee since 2007, died on August 28, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/10/23

Frisbee project: We need your input !

The IIR is involved in a European Union-funded project called FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumers Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe). Currently, one of the most important...

• Publication date : 2011/02/16

FRISBEE project: We need your input!

The IIR is involved in a European Union-funded project called FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumers Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe). Currently, one of the most important...

• Publication date : 2011/02/16

Obituary: Prof. Branislav B. Todorović

The IIR was deeply saddened to learn that Professor Branislav B. Todorović passed away on 30 December 2025, at the age of 94.

• Publication date : 2026/03/25

ICCC2014 in London

The UK hosted ICCC2014, the third IIR conference in the series, in June at St Mary's University College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/07/03

See you at the 16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants 2024

The next IIR-Gustav Lorentzen conference will take place from 11 to 14 August 2024 at the University of Maryland - College Park (Maryland), USA.

• Publication date : 2023/06/22
• Subjects: Environment, General information, HFCs alternatives

CEEE Hosts International Conference THERMAG - IX 2021

More than 200 people from around the world attended the THERMAG - IX June 7-11, 2021 hosted by The Center for Environmental Energy Engineering at University of Maryland, College Park (US).

• Publication date : 2021/07/20
• Subjects: Technology

Don't miss the FRISBEE workshop at ICCC2014

On the afternoon of the 23rd June, the IIR will organize a FRISBEE Project a workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014) at Twickenham College, London, UK.

• Publication date : 2014/05/20

IIR with INWIC at the WiHVACR Annual Conference

From 6th to 8th November 2023, the 20th Women in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (WiHVACR) Annual Conference was held in Jacksonville, United States...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024

A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).

• Publication date : 2024/10/07

IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Cooling technologies for sustainable data centres

Authored by leading IIR experts in energy and power engineering, this publication offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative cooling solutions designed to meet the escalating...

• Publication date : 2025/01/28
• Subjects: Technology

IIR economic news service: the latest from our market report partners

The IIR has established partnerships with several leading market research companies, as well as with establishments that combine and provide detailed reports and global analytical studies on different sectors of the refrigeration or economic...

• Publication date : 2016/12/07

FRISBEE project: data collection

The IIR is involved in the European Union-funded FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumer Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe) project. Currently, one of the most important tasks...

• Publication date : 2011/05/20

Rudolf Plank: A Lifetime in the Service of the International Institute of Refrigeration

As the Kältetechnisches Institut celebrates its centenary, we invite you to look back on the remarkable life of Rudolf Plank, whose work profoundly shaped the history of refrigeration, scientific research, and the International Institute of...

• Publication date : 2026/06/24
• Subjects: General information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO, HFCs

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction