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IIR document

Development of an innovative raw milk dispenser based on nanofluid technology.

• Author(s) : LONGO G. A., RIGHETTI G., ZILIO C.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Safety, Milk, Prototype, Storage, Expérimentation, Energy saving
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Effect of the block freeze concentration process in the casein content of skimmed goat milk.

• Author(s) : MACHADO CANELLA M. H., DE BONA M., RODRIGUES LIZ de G., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Casein, Skimmed milk, Goat milk, Expérimentation, Cryoconcentration, Freezing, Concentration
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Revamping and expansion of milk chilling centre.

• Author(s) : GULANIKAR A. D.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modernization, Milk, Chilling, R717, Ammonia, India, Case study
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance characterisation of a small milk cooling system with ice storage for PV applications.

• Author(s) : TORRES-TOLEDO V., MEISSNER K., CORONAS A., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ice, Milk, Cooling, Storage, Performance, Photovoltaic plant, Solar energy
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 60
• Formats : PDF

Small scale milk processing and preservation in developing countries: the case of Ethiopia; a review.

• Author(s) : BEDRU M., ALEMU D., CORONAS A.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Storage capacity, Pasteurization, Milk, Developing country, Case study, Ethiopia, Solar energy, Storage condition
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

On-farm milk cooling solution based on insulated cans with integrated ice compartment.

• Author(s) : TORRES-TOLEDO V., HACK A., MRABET F., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Small scale, Milk, Temperature, Cooling, Developing country, Dairy, Farm, Expérimentation, Solar cooling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 90
• Formats : PDF

Effects of temperature on the viability, growth and gene profile of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica inoculated in milk.

• Author(s) : YEHUALAESHET T., GRAHAM M., MONTGOMERY M., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Milk, Temperature, Bacteria, Yersinia
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 34 - n. 2

IIR document

Computational model of a PCM heat exchanger for on farm cooling of milk.

• Author(s) : PARK J. Y., FARID M.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : New Zealand, Milk, Cooling, Simulation, Performance, PCM, Dairy industry, Heat exchanger
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improving the energy efficiency and milk quality with CO2 refrigeration systems with heat recovery on New Zealand dairy farms.

• Author(s) : VISSER K.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, New Zealand, Energy consumption, Milk, Heat recovery, R744, Quality, Dairy industry, CO2
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of CO2 based refrigeration systems with and without ejector for simultaneous pasteurization and chilling of milk.

• Author(s) : AHAMMED E., BHATTACHARYYA S., RAMGOPAL M.
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Milk, Chilling, R744, Performance, Ejector, Transcritical cycle, CO2
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 95
• Formats : PDF

A trans-critical CO2 heat pump system for waste heat utilization in warm weather condition applied to a milk refrigeration plant.

• Author(s) : SINGH S., DASGUPTA M. S.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Milk, R744, Heat pump, Performance, India, Transcritical cycle, Waste heat, Hot climate
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Eficiencia energética de un refrigerador y un calentador de agua que utilizan dióxido de carbono como refrigerante en una vaquería.

Energy efficient dairy shed milk cooler and water heater using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.

• Author(s) : REKSTAD H., HAFNER A., JENSSEN S.
• Publication date: 2013/05
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Milk cooler, R744, Heat pump, Dairy, Expérimentation, Energy saving, CO2
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaluation applicability of trans-critical CO2 refrigeration system using field data of an ammonia based plant.

• Author(s) : SINGH S., DASGUPTA M. S.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Milk, R744, Performance, Modelling, Transcritical cycle
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Cold chain requirement for value added dairy products.

• Author(s) : MANGLANI K.
• Publication date: 2016/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Cold chain, Milk, Dairy product, India
• Source: Cold Chain - vol. 7 - n. 1. Suppl.
• Formats : PDF

Ice water silos.

• Author(s) : AGRAWAL A.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Milk, Dairy industry, India, Hygiene, Preservation, Chilled water
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 7 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Tetra Pak works on smart milk cartons

Tetra Pak is developing a smart carton that will alert consumers when milk is past its best consumption.

• Publication date : 2012/09/11

Out of ordinary: Cool Cows Produce More Milk

Cows placed in air-conditioned conditions have been shown to produce 10% more milk. It is also claimed that cows suffer from heat stress at temperatures as low as 22°C. This puts particular pressure on cows raised in hot places such as Israel, but...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Instant milk-cooling system utilising propane and either ice slurry or traditional ice bank

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). Two novel milk-cooling concepts have been designed and installed at two Danish farms. These systems have a respective capacity of 14 400 and 16 000 litres of...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

New milk refrigeration system in rural India.

In rural India, the dairy industry is very vulnerable to spoilage because of the poorly developed cold supply chain.

• Publication date : 2015/03/20

Sub-Saharan milk cooler project awarded USD 1 million

A University of Georgia engineer received USD 1 million to continue working on a milk cooler designed to help dairy farmers, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, who lack access to refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2014/03/18

Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life

A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

A new solar-powered milk cooling system could benefit small-scale dairy farmers

Researchers from the University of Hohenheim studied a solar milk cooling system which was tested in Tunisia and could be implemented in Kenya.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)

A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)

• Publication date : 2016/09/09

European seminar on CO2 at the University of Milan

Centro Studi Galileo, collective member of the IIR, will organize on Saturday November 27, 2004, together with the Centre of research for Environmental and Manufacturing Studies of the University of Milan, a European seminar on CO2, with the...

• Publication date : 2004/11/12

CERN milestone

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research and a corporate member of the IIR, has announced that an important milestone was reached in August 2005 with the installation of the two largest magnets ever built for experiments at CERN. On...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

New nature-mimicking freeze-casting technique

US DOE L. Berkeley Lab researchers have developed a nature-mimicking bidirectional freeze-casting technique that enables them to design and create strong, tough, porous and lightweight materials with applications in the medical sector

• Publication date : 2016/08/23
• Subjects: Technology

Kenya : Alternative energy supplies to refrigerate food

Annually, 95 million liters of milk is lost in Kenya due to lack of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2016/03/15

Vegan ice creams

Vegan ice cream, made without milk, become trendy.

• Publication date : 2018/04/17

The US ice cream industry

According to the International Dairy Foods Association, about 9% of the milk produced by US dairy farmers is used to produce ice cream.

• Publication date : 2014/07/09
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Cold chain figures in developing countries

Some interesting figures on developing countries were provided during the FAO Technical Meeting on Cold Chain Development in which the IIR participated.

• Publication date : 2018/04/11
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Obituary: Liudmila Akimova

The IIR mourns the death of Mrs Liudmila Akimova.

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

International events: Milan

The 13th European Conference on the latest technologies in refrigeration and air conditioning took place on June 12-13, 2009 in Milan, Italy. This bilingual (English-Italian) conference was organized by Centro Studi Galileo with the participation...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

International events: Milan

Delegates of IIR and REHVA last June discussed the idea of a workshop on the refurbishment of existing buildings and AICARR (the Italian Association of Air Conditioning Heating and Refrigerating) agreed to organize an initial workshop involving...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Corporate Members: news

- Danfoss has experienced booming sales 18% growth over the first three quarters of 2007. Sales reached 2.2 billion €. Growth in China and Latin America was particularly positive and end of year sales are expected to top 3 billion €.

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

New IIR Working Group: whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation

During the IIR Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group (WG) on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/12

Press release: IIR launches new Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation”

During the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) Science and Technology Council meeting on June 15, 2017, a new IIR Working Group on “Whole-body cryotherapy or cryostimulation” was officially created.

• Publication date : 2017/07/26

The IIR worldwide (June 2019)

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

New IIR publication: Compendium

The Food Research Institute of Prague and the IIR have co-published a compendium entitled "Thermophysical Properties of Food: Selected Fruits and Vegetables". This book presents a critical literature review of data on the freezing point, density,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Member country Saudi Arabia has become the 62nd member country of the IIR, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) is our correspondent. Welcome! Corporate members CRA-IAA,...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

News from IIR members: Freezcube

FreezCube, developed by Playcube, corporate member of the IIR based in France, has been awarded the Gold Medal at Concours Lépine 2010. FreezCube is a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Corporate members: news

Founded in 2003, Playcube SARL, a new IIR corporate member based in France, has developed FreezCube, a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods stored in freezers: FreezCube confirms that the...

• Publication date : 2008/06/05

IGO meeting

The IIR is an intergovernmental organization based in Paris, like of course several agencies of the United Nations Organization or OECD, but also like other small specialized organizations: the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

For IIR members only

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2022/10/12
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)