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IIR document
Atomization characteristics of twin nozzles for outdoor snow-makers application.
Sensitivity of atomization characteristic to operation conditions for air-assisted atomizers in snow-makers.
Snowmelt modelling and solutions for outdoor snow storage.
Effects of geometric parameters on flow and atomization characteristics of swirl nozzles for artificial snowmaking.
CO2 refrigeration system for ice production in snow making generators at ambient temperatures above 0°C.
Simulation study on atomization characteristics of swirl nozzle for artificial snowmaking.
Analysis of the characteristics of the gas–liquid mixed artificial snow-making.
Design performance of CO2 refrigeration systems for ice production in snow making generators at ambient temperatures above 0 °C.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Heat-driven snow production applying ejector and natural refrigerant.
Faits et chiffres 2023 de la branche des remontées mécaniques suisses.
2023 facts and figures on the Swiss ski lift industry.
Thermal analysis and optimization of an ice and snow melting system using geothermy by super-long flexible heat pipes
Parametric Evaluation of Cooling Pipe in Direct Evaporation Artificial Ice Rink.
Effects of CO2 snow addition during kneading on thermoregulation, dough rheological properties, and bread characteristics: A focus on ancient and modern wheat cultivars.
The Future of Canada’s Ski and Mountain Destinations in an Era of Climate Change.
Experimental study of the impact of crystallization parameters on properties of modified and reinforced ice structures intended for sports facilities and the Arctic.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
209 results
A Norwegian project: Snow for the future
An independent research organisation and a Norwegian university are developing a heat pump system to produce snow, even if the temperature are above freezing.
Carbon dioxide snow to clean spatial telescope
An interesting method to keep the Webb Space Telescope mirror, seven times larger than Hubble, spotless.
Japan: snow cooling created greater CO2 emissions
An experiment to ship snow from the north of Japan to help reduce the air conditioning load in Tokyo has created CO2 emissions three times greater than the emissions reduction achieved.
GL2012 highlights: latent cold thermal storage: the energetic benefits
In response to German climate protection goals, requiring 80-95 % cuts in CO2 emissions before 2050, Michael Kauffeld presented a paper on “The Energetic Benefit of Latent Cold Thermal Energy Storage” at the 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on...
Nigerian government approves new MEPS for air conditioners to take effect by 2026
Nigeria’s new MEPS will be implemented in phases and are expected to save 11.5 TWh of energy annually and 39 million tonnes of CO₂ by 2040.
Nigeria commissions first hydrocarbon refrigerant plant
According to the Nigerian Guardian, the Nigerian Federal Government, in collaboration with UNDP, has commissioned a pilot hydrocarbon refrigerant plant, in the village of Irolu in Ogun State
Briefs: Nigeria
The Multilateral Fund for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol approved Japan's request for funding for the preparation of a project concerning the application of transcritical CO2 to ice-block manufacturing in Nigeria. The...
Cooling as-a-Service in Nigeria : ColdHubs 2024 impact report
Through a Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS) mechanism, 58 solar-powered cold rooms have helped thousands of Nigerian farmers to avoid over 13,800 kilograms of food loss in 2024.
ColdHubs: Revolutionising Nigerian agriculture with solar-powered cold rooms and empowering farmers
ColdHubs, founded by Nnaemeka Ikegwuonu, provides walk-in solar-powered cold rooms to combat post-harvest crop spoilage among small-scale farmers in Nigeria through Cooling-as-a-Service (CaaS). Their latest...
Nigeria needs an additional 50,000 tonnes of cold storage capacity
The President of the Organisation for Technology Advancement of Cold Chain in West Africa (OTACCWA) estimated the cold chain infrastructure required to tackle Nigeria’s annual post-harvest losses evaluated at $9...
Latin America and the Caribbean: implementing efficiency policies to curb dumping of inefficient air conditioners
According to a report published by the CLASP, 44% of all new air conditioners sold in eleven countries in Latin America and the Caribbean constitute environmental dumping of low efficiency equipment. However,...
Top world energy efficiency rankings.
Germany continues to lead the world in energy efficiency, Italy and Japan follow.
Cooling energy demand: significant savings in Germany
In Germany, the large increase in the number of refrigeration equipment has little impact on energy demand.
Worldwide adoption of MEPS on the rise
Over 100 countries now use mandatory minimum energy efficiency performance standards or energy labels for the most common appliances, according to the IEA Energy Efficiency 2022...
How to improve the energy efficiency of cold stores in India
A report commissioned by the World Bank Group presents energy efficiency measures for the design of post-harvest and cold storage warehouses in India.
IIR news
30 results
Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna
Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...
Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”
LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!
IIR Informatory Note highlights global air conditioning's CO2 emissions and energy impact
The IIR has modelled current and future CO2 emissions attributable to air conditioning in different regions of the world.
New Working Group: Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)
IIR and UNEP-led Cool Coalition are excited to announce the formation of a new working group titled "Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)"
IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials
Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...
IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility
After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.
What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?
Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.
COP 28: the annual conference on climate change puts refrigeration in the spotlight!
Refrigeration will be one of the priorities at the next United Nations Conference of the Parties on climate change. It will be held in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023.
IIR member news: Angelantoni Group
“COLD ENERGY” is an innovative solution to improve energy efficiency both for old and new compression refrigeration systems by transferring a highly efficient automotive technology to enhance energy recovery of heat exchangers.
BETTED: a new IIR EU funded project
This project aims to promote the energy transition of the dairy value chain. The kick-off meeting is scheduled for March 11-12 in Brussels (Belgium).
OEWG-47 Side Event Highlights Urgent Need for Sustainable Cooling in Data Centres
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), with support from UNEP United for Efficiency (U4E), brought together experts, policymakers, and industry leaders...
Discover BETTED’s new e-learning platform
The e-learning platform developed by the BETTED Team is now available and ready for use. It is dedicated to interested professionals from both participating and non-participating countries, as well as those...
Adapting to Rising Temperatures: Highlights and Proceedings from the 1st IIR International Adaptation Conference
The 1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration: Adapting to Rising Temperatures, held from 10–13 August 2025 at the University of Manchester, brought together over 120...
International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) releases new technical brief: “The role of refrigeration in the global economy (3rd edition)”
This comprehensive report highlights the critical importance of refrigeration in addressing global challenges related to food security, healthcare, energy efficiency, and climate change.
A look back at the IIR's presence at the Interclima trade fair
A big thank you to everyone who visited our stand at Interclima 2024!
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
4 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
