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Thermodynamic model of cooling tower with Lewis number and operating characteristics analysis.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : XIA S., MA J., WU J., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 293
• Formats : PDF

Fluid flow through front clearances of dry running screw machines using dimensionless numbers.

• Author(s) : UTRI M., BRÜMMER A.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 24^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Operation and exergy analysis of supersonic R134A ejector by low-Reynolds number turbulence model.

• Author(s) : CROQUER S., PONCET S., AIDOUN Z.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Development of data-driven performance benchmarking methodology for a large number of bus air conditioners.

• Author(s) : CHEN Z., GUO F., XIAO F., JIN X., SHI J., HE W.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 149
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Influences of number of hydroxyl groups and cooling solid surface temperature on ice adhesion force.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., TSUBAKI D., SEKINE K., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 75
• Formats : PDF

Determination of refrigerant path number for fin-tube condenser considering heat transfer performance and pumping power.

• Author(s) : LEE W., JEONG J. H.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on improving operating conditions of wet cooling towers using various rib numbers of packing.

• Author(s) : SHAHALI P., RAHMATI M., ALAVI S. H., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

Hybrid ground source absorption heat pump in cold regions: thermal balance keeping and borehole number reduction.

• Author(s) : WU W., LI X., YOU T., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/11/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 90

IIR document

A geometric model for a vortex tube based on numerical analysis to reduce the effect of nozzle number.

• Author(s) : SHAMSODDINI R., ABOLPOUR B.
• Publication date: 2018/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 94
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on flow boiling of R410A and R32 in brazed plate evaporators with different number of plates.

• Author(s) : PADOVAN A., CENSI G.
• Publication date: 2021/09/01
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy saving and environmental impact of optimizing the number of condenser fans in centrifugal chillers under partial load operation.

• Author(s) : DEYMI-DASHTEBAYAZ M., FARAHNAK M., BOORI ABADI R. N.
• Publication date: 2019/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 103
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of Reynolds number on flow and heat transfer in incompressible forced convection over a 3D backward-facing step.

• Author(s) : XU J. H., ZOU S., INAOKA K., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 79
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical study on characteristics of flow and thermal fields of offset cylinder arrays in the middle Reynolds number range.

• Author(s) : ZHOU S. D., XI G. N.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Certified energy consultant for increased number of retail grocery stores with low energy use, safe operation and low environmental impact.

• Author(s) : LINDBERG U., BORGQVIST M.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of working fluid, nozzle number, nozzle material and connection type on thermal performance of a Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube: A review.

• Author(s) : KIRMACI V., KAYA H.
• Publication date: 2018/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 91
• Formats : PDF

Trends and Figures: Number of refrigerators in France

According to Sofres, the number of refrigerators operating in France in 2005 was 28.2 million and that of freezers was 17.2 million. The average age of refrigerators was 9.1 years. According to GIFAM, the number of refrigerators sold in 2007 was...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Explosion of the number of air conditioners in China

A report of the International Energy Agency gives interesting figures on air conditioning in China.

• Publication date : 2018/06/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy

A cryostat provides the optical bench of the largest digital astronomic camera

The manufacture of a cryostat to be used as an optical bench for the camera of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope has been completed.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

Growing uptake of natural refrigerants in commercial refrigeration

A recent report estimates the number of commercial refrigeration systems using R744 (CO2) or hydrocarbons in Europe and worldwide. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Modern technology permits economical refrigerated shipments

The number of refrigerated shipments, and thus the number of refrigerated containers, has risen worldwide in recent years. Hamburg Süd is optimizing the use of cooling energy and will reduce the energy consumption of its reefer containers by 15%...

• Publication date : 2013/06/27

The Netherlands heat pump market situation

From 2010 to 2011 there was a steep rise in heat pump numbers sold.

• Publication date : 2016/02/19
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Penetration of transcritical CO2 continues to increase

In Europe, North America and Japan, the number of transcritical CO2 installations continues to increase significantly in commercial and industrial refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/12/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

Demand for cooling drives cold transport growth

The number of refrigerated vehicles on the road could feasibly reach 15.5 millions by 2025, up from less than 3 million in 2013.

• Publication date : 2015/07/09
• Subjects: Figures, economy

LNG to replace diesel fuel for locomotives?

BNSF will be testing a small number of locomotives using LNG as an alternative fuel to diesel later this year.

• Publication date : 2013/07/03

US: EPA confirms two rules to reduce HFC emissions.

HFC phase-down: The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces a ban on a number of HFC refrigerants in certain applications and tightens leak rate rules.

• Publication date : 2017/01/17
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

A mathematical study presents a general derivation and a quantifcation of the third law of thermodynamics

Two physicists from University College London have provided a derivation of the "unattainability principle", which states that any process cannot reach absolute zero temperature in a finite number of steps.

• Publication date : 2017/03/30

The HVACR workforce in the United States in 2022

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of technicians employed in the heating and refrigeration sector in the US rose between 2021 and 2022.

• Publication date : 2024/01/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

LNG-fuelled ships

New ships will increasingly be fuelled by LNG, and Zeus Development Corporation is monitoring LNG-fuelled non-carrier vessels: there are currently 50 and the number is growing fast.

• Publication date : 2012/08/03

Access to air conditioning saved over 190,000 lives in 2019

In the 2022 report for the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change, the authors estimated the number of heat-related deaths averted thanks to air conditioning, especially among...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: General information, Figures, economy

European heat pump market and statistics report 2016

Heat pump sales in Europe have reached in 2015 the highest number ever recorded: 890 302 units.Year-over-year 12% more heat pumps were sold in the 21 European countries covered by this year’s EHPA (European Heat Pump Association) report.

• Publication date : 2016/11/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

In numbers: Your International Journal of Refrigeration

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) may only be one link in a long chain of high-quality scientific information, but its importance is greater than ever.

• Publication date : 2017/10/17

Test your knowledge with the IIR Quiz: Refrigeration in Numbers

Are you up to speed on the latest figures in the field of refrigeration? Test your knowledge with the IIR Refrigeration Quiz.

• Publication date : 2016/12/01

IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet

With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...

• Publication date : 2018/07/03

Training and courses: New content available

Since its initial publication, a number of new courses have been added to the IIR refrigeration courses and training repertoire.

• Publication date : 2019/10/21

Winners of the IIR Scientific Awards 2019 revealed

This time round, the IIR received a record number of applications and submissions to its various awards and is delighted to announce the winners.

• Publication date : 2019/04/15

ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges

With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...

• Publication date : 2015/04/08

Find out who are the top 10 most active countries on the IIR website!

Since its overhaul in 2020, traffic to the IIR website has doubled and it has seen a drastic increase in the number of visitors from least developed countries. Find out who have been the top 10 most active...

• Publication date : 2022/12/05
• Subjects: General information

ICCC2022 – Call for abstracts extended!

Due to an unprecedented number of requests, the call for 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain has been extended to October 24 at 5pm BST.

• Publication date : 2021/10/08
• Subjects: Technology

ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!

The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Obituary: Per-Oskar Persson

The former Managing Director of Frigoscandia AB, Per-Oskar Persson of Helsingborg, Sweden passed away on August 26, 2008, at the age of 84. He was an Honorary Member of IIR, President of Commission D1, 1971 - 1979, and Head of Section D 1979 -...

• Publication date : 2008/09/29

News from IIR members: CIAT

French President Nicolas Sarkozy visited CIAT in September 2009. The CIAT Group has been investing in environmentally friendly products for a number of years: heat pumps and systems addressing environmental and financial equilibria issues. CIAT...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Conferences: Purdue

The 18th International Compressor Engineering Conference and the 11th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference took place in Purdue, USA on July 17-20, 2006. 523 persons from 33 countries attended these conferences. The overall...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

Briefs: Statutory meetings

The IIR's statutory committees met in Paris on June 9-11, 2010. In particular, the committees took decisions regarding IIR publications policy and the new information system and related new IIR services that will be implemented in 2011. The aim is...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Briefs: IKK 2006

The 27th International Trade Fair for Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Ventilation, took place in Nuremberg on October 18-20, 2006 and attracted record numbers of visitors (29 124) and exhibitors (893). For the fourth year running the IIR was...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

News from IIR members: Sofrigam

The number of drugs (e.g. targeted therapies, new vaccines, anti-diabetic drugs and blood derivatives) transported and kept at a controlled temperature is growing rapidly and these products are increasingly sensitive to temperature variations. In...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables