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La congélation de pommes partiellement séchées.
Freezing partially dried apples.
IIR document
Freezewave H2020 project-microwave assisted freezing of potato.
Applicability of X-ray microtomography for characterizing the microstructure of frozen apple during storage.
Addition of external water improves the quality attributes of vacuum-frozen and thawed apple slices.
Evaluation of energy saving schemes in an apple cool store using computational fluid dynamics.
Heat transfer in large bins during the apples cool-down process.
Numerical modeling of forced-air cooling of palletized apple: Integral evaluation of cooling efficiency
A numerical evaluation of adaptive on-off cooling strategies for energy savings during long-term storage of apples.
A CFD study of adapting on-off cooling cycles in apple cold stores for energy saving.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Effect of supercooling freezing on the blanched and non-balanced potato compare with conventional freezing methods.
Analysis of the spatiotemporal temperature fluctuations inside an apple cool store in response to energy use concerns.
Quality changes kinetics of apple tissue during frozen storage with temperature fluctuations.predicting the particle-deposited fin efficiency.
Reusable boxes for a beneficial apple cold chain: A precooling analysis.
Recommended by the IIR
A review of storage temperature recommendations for apples and pears
Changes in the quality of apple tissue subjected to different freezing rates during long-term frozen storage at different temperatures.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1115 results
Dehydrofreezing of apples
A recent study focuses on a freezing process for partially dehydrated apples.
Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples
Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.
Pre-cooling of apples using spraying systems more efficient
Cooling apples using a spraying system proves faster, better and cheaper!
US commercial refrigeration equipment
Transportation refrigeration systems are the largest share of commercial refrigeration equipment demand in the US at 23 percent of the 2015 total.
World commercial refrigeration equipment market
According to a new study from Freedonia, global demand for commercial refrigeration equipment is forecast to increase 4.7 percent annually through 2018 to USD 36.5 billion.
The global commercial refrigeration equipment market
The global commercial refrigeration equipment market was valued at USD 29,558.8 million in 2014 and it is expected to reach USD 40,874.9 million by 2020.
Major trends in the global commercial refrigeration market
The global commercial refrigeration market, half of which is made up of the refrigerated display cabinet segment, amounted to USD 71 billion in 2021, up 8.8% year-on-year and 14% over four...
The commercial refrigeration equipment market amounted to USD 43.3 billion in 2019, up 4.8% versus 2017. Of this total, the refrigerated display cabinet market represented USD 21.5 billion.
The Indian commercial refrigeration market
The Indian commercial refrigeration industry is projected to be valued at INR 24,645 million and 11 – 12 million units by 2018.
Thermal comfort in commercial buildings
An article published by Consulting Specifying Engineer focuses on the factors to consider when providing thermal comfort in commercial buildings.
Europe commercial refrigeration equipment market
Europe commercial refrigeration equipment market was valued at USD 7,745.0 million in 2012. The market revenue is expected to see volume grow at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2013 to 2019 reaching 5.0 million units by 2019.
Forecasts concerning global demand for commercial refrigeration
According to a recent market report by Freedonia, global demand for commercial refrigeration equipment is forecast so rise by 4.6% annually until 2016 and reach around USD 32 billion.
Latin America commercial refrigeration equipment market.
The Latin America commercial refrigeration equipment market was valued at USD 741.4 million in 2012, and is expected to grow to USD 1,108.9 million by 2018.
Publication of EU eco-design regulations for commercial refrigeration appliances
The Ecodesign regulations setting energy efficiency requirements for commercial appliances will apply in all 28 EU member states from March 2021.
Commercial refrigeration figures and trends
Growing steadily for several years, the global commercial refrigeration market is characterised by some key trends, including the energy efficiency and smart stores
IIR news
529 results
Member news: a training center for commercial refrigeration promoted by Carrier
Carrier is participating in the creation of a regional training centre for transcritical CO2 supermarkets in Kenya.
Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs
The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications.
Publish your article in the IJR
Do you have something innovative to say about refrigeration? Find out how you can publish an article in the IIR International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR).
Cold off the press: CO2 as a Refrigerant
The new IIR technical guide on the application of “CO2 as a Refrigerant" is now available from our online bookstore.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
How to adapt in a world at 50°C? Learn more at the IMechE conference this September
On September 6-8, 2023, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) will host its 1st International Conference and Workshop on Climate Adaptation and Resilience in London.
INWIC at ICR 2023: An inspirational event in the fight for gender equality in the refrigeration sector
At ICR 2023, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) working group organised an INWIC (International Network of Women in Cooling) round table on Monday 21st August 2023. This discussion panel...
UNIDO and IIR launch a call for partners to develop cost guidelines for improving energy efficiency in retail refrigeration
As part of the Kigali Cooling Efficiency Programme funded project, UNIDO and the IIR are developing cost guidelines for incremental capital and operating costs in order to improve energy efficiency in retail refrigeration in Article 5 countries of...
Clim'Eco: the IIR is a partner of this new program, which began this year in Réunion.
This program aims to promote a reasonable use and good maintenance of air conditioning in the French overseas departments.
Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)
As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.
International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) releases new technical brief: “The role of refrigeration in the global economy (3rd edition)”
This comprehensive report highlights the critical importance of refrigeration in addressing global challenges related to food security, healthcare, energy efficiency, and climate change.
Member news: Carrier launches a high-temperature heat pump with R290
Carrier introduces its first high-temperature air source heat pump designed for commercial applications, using R290 to enhance efficiency.
Adapting to Rising Temperatures: Highlights and Proceedings from the 1st IIR International Adaptation Conference
The 1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration: Adapting to Rising Temperatures, held from 10–13 August 2025 at the University of Manchester, brought together over 120...
The IIR participated in the EC consultation on the F-gas Regulation
In response to the European Commission (EC) consultation, the IIR sent comments on an EC report on the application, effects and adequacy of the F-gas Regulation.
EPTA S.P.A. continues to grow in Germany with the acquisition of heifo refrigeration activities
The European expansion of one of the leading companies in commercial refrigeration continues with an increasingly capillary service for its customers in the north of Germany.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
17 results
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Events
3 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Find out more
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
